The majority of in vitro studies modeling in vivo conditions are performed on the lab bench in atmospheric air. However, the oxygen tension (pO₂) present in atmospheric air (160 mm Hg, ∼21% O₂) is in great excess to the pO₂ that permeates tissues within the brain (5–45 mm Hg, ∼1–6% O₂). This review will discuss the differentiation between pO₂ in the in vivo environment and the pO₂ commonly used during in vitro experiments, and how this could affect assay outcomes. Also highlighted are studies linking changes in pO₂ to changes in cellular function, particularly the role of pO₂ in mitochondrial function, reactive oxygen species production, and cellular growth and differentiation. The role of hypoxia inducible factor 1 and oxygen sensing is also presented. Finally, emerging literature exploring sex differences in tissue oxygenation is discussed.

建模体内条件的大多数体外研究都是在大气中的实验室工作台上进行的。但是，大气中存在的氧气张力（pO ₂）（160 mm Hg，〜21％O ₂）远远大于渗透到脑内组织的pO ₂（5-45 mm Hg，〜1-6％） O ₂）。本次审查将讨论宝之间的分化₂在体内环境和PO ₂中常用的体外实验，以及如何这可能会影响检测结果。还强调了将pO ₂变化联系起来的研究改变细胞功能，特别是pO ₂在线粒体功能，活性氧产生以及细胞生长和分化中的作用。还介绍了缺氧诱导因子1和氧感测的作用。最后，讨论了探索组织氧合作用中性别差异的新兴文献。