The increased incidence of neurodegenerative diseases represents a huge challenge for societies. These diseases are characterized by neuronal death and include several different pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Most of these pathologies are often associated with the aggregation of misfolded proteins, such as amyloid-ß, tau, α-synuclein, huntingtin and prion proteins. However, the precise mechanisms that lead to neuronal dysfunction and death in these diseases remain poorly understood. Nucleic acid aptamers represent a new class of ligands that could be useful to better understand these diseases and develop better diagnosis and therapy. In this review, several of these aptamers are presented as well as their applications for neurodegenerative diseases.

神经退行性疾病的发病率增加对社会构成了巨大挑战。这些疾病的特征在于神经元死亡，并包括几种不同的病理学，例如阿尔茨海默氏病，帕金森氏病，多发性硬化症，亨廷顿氏病和可传播的海绵状脑病。这些病理中的大多数通常与错误折叠的蛋白质的聚集有关，例如淀粉样蛋白β，tau，α-突触核蛋白，亨廷顿蛋白和病毒蛋白。但是，导致这些疾病中神经元功能障碍和死亡的确切机制仍然知之甚少。核酸适体代表了一类新的配体，可用于更好地了解这些疾病并发展更好的诊断和治疗方法。在这篇评论中，