Nanotechnology is a rapidly developing branch of science, which studies control of phenomena and materials sized below 100 nm. Nanotechnology is applicable in many areas of life and medicine including skin care and personal hygiene. The nanoparticles (NPs) of metals and metal oxides are increasingly used in dermatology and cosmetology, especially in prevention and treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, in protection against the harmful effects of the sun and in preparations reducing the visibility of scars by accelerating the repair processes of skin cells. NPs may also be used for skin care and dermatological treatments to improve the quality of life of patients. Nanodermatology and nanocosmetology offer effective, safe, fast-acting product formulations, thus minimizing the side effects of the products used so far. The unique properties of NPs: high surface area relative to the size as well as the ability to penetrate biological membranes and barriers greatly reduces systemic dose thus potential side effects and toxicity. Recent studies show very promising clinical potential of NPs to serve as controlled release and delivery systems for drugs/active substances. In addition, NPs can be used in diagnostic imaging of skin diseases. However, NPs may also carry a risk of cytotoxicity and side effects. The present review focuses on the use of metal and metal oxide NPs in dermatology and cosmetology and their interactions with skin cells.

纳米技术是科学的快速发展分支，它研究现象和尺寸小于100 nm的材料的控制。纳米技术可应用于生活和医学的许多领域，包括皮肤护理和个人卫生。金属和金属氧化物的纳米颗粒（NPs）越来越多地用于皮肤病学和美容学，尤其是在预防和治疗细菌和真菌感染，防止日光的有害影响以及通过加速修复来减少疤痕可见性的制剂中皮肤细胞的过程。NP也可用于皮肤护理和皮肤病学治疗，以改善患者的生活质量。纳米皮肤病学和纳米美容学提供了有效，安全，速效的产品配方，从而最大程度地减少了迄今为止使用的产品的副作用。NPs的独特特性：相对于尺寸的高表面积以及穿透生物膜和屏障的能力大大降低了全身剂量，从而潜在地产生了副作用和毒性。最近的研究表明，NPs作为药物/活性物质的控释和递送系统的临床潜力非常可观。另外，NP可用于皮肤疾病的诊断成像。然而，NP也可能具有细胞毒性和副作用的风险。本综述着重于金属和金属氧化物NPs在皮肤病学和美容学中的使用以及它们与皮肤细胞的相互作用。最近的研究表明，NPs作为药物/活性物质的控释和递送系统的临床潜力非常可观。另外，NP可用于皮肤疾病的诊断成像。然而，NP也可能具有细胞毒性和副作用的风险。本综述着重于金属和金属氧化物NPs在皮肤病学和美容学中的使用以及它们与皮肤细胞的相互作用。最近的研究表明，NPs作为药物/活性物质的控释和递送系统的临床潜力非常可观。另外，NP可用于皮肤疾病的诊断成像。然而，NP也可能具有细胞毒性和副作用的风险。本综述着重于金属和金属氧化物NPs在皮肤病学和美容学中的使用以及它们与皮肤细胞的相互作用。