Especially in monumental buildings the preservation is compulsory for perpetuating the history of the construction technologies and of the past used materials. Therefore, the evaluation of the residual bearing capacity of existing structures is necessary, in order to detect any structural deficiency and to select proper restoration interventions. First of all a comprehensive knowledge of the structures should be acquired through in depth surveys, aiming at the structural identification.

In this context, the paper exemplifies the structural identification procedure with reference to the complex covering timber structure of the Diplomatic Hall of the Royal Palace of Naples. The focus is specially on the in situ investigation phase, as the first essential step prior to the structural analysis of stress and deformation. Both geometrical and visual surveys are presented, in addition to in situ ND tests, the latter being performed by the CNR IVALSA Institute according to the current Italian Rules. As a result, the geometrical and static schemes were identified, the wooden species distinguished, the moisture content assessed, defects and degradations due to both aging and biological attacks detected, the effective transversal section determined and the effectiveness of the connections evaluated.

特别是在纪念性建筑物中，必须进行保存才能使建筑技术和过去使用过的材料永存。因此，有必要对现有结构的残余承载力进行评估，以便发现任何结构缺陷并选择适当的修复措施。首先，应通过深入调查获得有关结构的全面知识，以进行结构识别。

在这种情况下，本文以那不勒斯皇宫外交大厅的复杂覆盖木材结构为例，举例说明了结构识别程序。重点特别放在现场调查阶段，这是应力和变形结构分析之前的第一步。除了原位ND测试外，还提供了几何和视觉调查，后者由CNR IVALSA研究所根据当前的意大利法规进行。结果，确定了几何和静态方案，区分了木质种类，评估了水分含量，检测到由于老化和生物侵蚀而引起的缺陷和退化，确定了有效的横向截面并评估了连接的有效性。