Abstract Food liking influences hunger and fullness, however, the direction of this influence has remained unclear due to the difficulty in capturing the complexity of hunger and fullness feelings and the subjective nature of evaluating food liking. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of food liking on feelings of hunger and fullness utilizing the 5-Factor Satiety Questionnaire. Thirty participants attended two breakfast sessions one week apart in which they evaluated hunger and fullness feelings produced by two equal-caloric smoothies that differed only in that one contained a bittering agent to lower liking. Levels of the bittering agent were determined from a screening procedure and were panelist specific. Evaluations were made at 0 min, 60 min, 120 min, and 180 min after consumption. Food intake from a snack offered three hours after breakfast was covertly recorded. The more palatable control smoothie provided significantly greater mental fullness factor sensations over the three-hour testing period than the bitter smoothie. Physical fullness factor ratings were initially higher for the bitter smoothie than the control smoothie, but dropped to a nearly equal level two hours after consumption. Mental and physical hunger factor sensations were nearly equal between the two smoothies over the three hour testing period. Subjects consumed on average 77 more calories from the snack following the bitter smoothie in comparison to the control. These findings suggest that if people eat a food they greatly enjoy, instead of eating a less-well-liked version, they will experience more pleasure, satisfaction, and satiety.

中文翻译：

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更受欢迎的食物可以产生更多的饱腹感

摘要 食物喜好影响饥饿和饱腹感，但由于难以捕捉饥饿和饱腹感的复杂性以及评价食物喜好的主观性，这种影响的方向尚不清楚。本研究的目的是利用 5 因素饱腹感问卷调查食物喜好对饥饿感和饱腹感的影响。30 名参与者参加了相隔一周的两次早餐会，他们评估了两种等热量冰沙产生的饥饿感和饱腹感，不同之处仅在于其中一种含有苦味剂以降低喜好​​。苦味剂的水平由筛选程序确定并且是小组成员特定的。在食用后 0 分钟、60 分钟、120 分钟和 180 分钟进行评估。秘密记录早餐后三小时提供的零食的食物摄入量。与苦味冰沙相比，更可口的对照冰沙在三小时的测试期间提供了显着更大的心理饱腹感。苦涩冰沙的物理丰满度评分最初高于对照冰沙，但在食用后两小时下降到几乎相同的水平。在三个小时的测试期间，两种冰沙之间的精神和身体饥饿因素感觉几乎相等。与对照组相比，受试者在吃完苦味冰沙后从零食中平均多消耗了 77 卡路里的热量。这些发现表明，如果人们吃一种他们非常喜欢的食物，而不是吃不太受欢迎的食物，他们会体验到更多的愉悦、满足和饱腹感。