Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is expected to play a key role in meeting targets set by the Paris Agreement and for meeting legally binding greenhouse gas emissions targets set within the UK (Energy and Climate Change Committee, 2016). Energy systems models have been essential in identifying the importance of CCS but they neglect to impose constraints on the availability and use of geologic CO₂ storage reservoirs. In this work we analyse reservoir performance sensitivities to varying CO₂ storage demand for three sets of injection scenarios designed to encompass the UK's future low carbon energy market. We use the ECLIPSE reservoir simulator and a model of part of the Southern North Sea Bunter Sandstone saline aquifer. From a first set of injection scenarios we find that varying amplitude and frequency of injection on a multi-year basis has little effect on reservoir pressure response and plume migration. Injectivity varies with site location due to variations in depth and regional permeability. In a second set of injection scenarios, we show that with envisioned UK storage demand levels for a large coal fired power plant, it makes no difference to reservoir response whether all injection sites are deployed upfront or gradually as demand increases. Meanwhile, there may be an advantage to deploying infrastructure in deep sites first in order to meet higher demand later. However, deep-site deployment will incur higher upfront cost than shallow-site deployment. In a third set of injection scenarios, we show that starting injection at a high rate with ramping down, a low rate with ramping up or at a constant rate makes little difference to the overall injectivity of the reservoir. Therefore, such variability is not essential to represent CO₂ storage in energy systems models resolving plume and pressure evolution over decadal timescales.

碳捕集与封存（CCS）有望在实现《巴黎协定》设定的目标以及实现英国设定的具有法律约束力的温室气体排放目标方面发挥关键作用（能源与气候变化委员会，2016年）。能源系统模型对于确定CCS的重要性至关重要，但它们忽略了对地质CO ₂储层的可利用性和使用施加限制。在这项工作中，我们分析了储层性能对变化的CO _2的敏感性。三组喷射方案的存储需求旨在涵盖英国未来的低碳能源市场。我们使用ECLIPSE油藏模拟器和北海南部邦特砂岩盐渍含水层的一部分模型。从第一组注入情景中，我们发现，多年变化的注入幅度和频率对储层压力响应和羽流迁移影响很小。由于深度和区域渗透率的变化，注入量随地点的不同而变化。在第二组注入方案中，我们表明，根据英国对大型燃煤电厂的存储需求水平的设想，无论所有注入站点是提前部署还是随着需求的增加而逐步部署，对储层响应没有影响。同时，首先在深站点中部署基础结构，以便随后满足更高的需求可能会有好处。但是，与浅站点部署相比，深站点部署会产生更高的前期成本。在第三组注入方案中，我们表明，以高速率斜率开始注入，以低速率斜率开始注入或以恒定速率注入对油藏的整体注入率影响不大。因此，这种可变性对于表示CO并不是必不可少的能源系统中的_2种存储模型可解决年代际尺度上的羽状流和压力演化问题。