Abstract The recent catastrophic wildfires in Portugal and Chile shared similar features, not just because they developed under extreme weather conditions but also because extensive forest plantations were involved. Dense forest plantations of flammable pine and eucalypt species favor the development of high-intensity large fires, threatening people and the forest industry sustainability under increasingly frequent and severe drought events. Preventive land-use planning and cost-effective fuel management are key elements of sustainable forestry. Understanding the fire ecology context prior to plantation establishment is also crucial for the success of fire management planning. Although the forest industry has contributed to the economy of these countries, improved regulation and science-based management policies are strongly needed. Fuel treatment strategies can be optimized by risk-based modeling approaches, and should be mandatory in wildland-urban interfaces. The tragedy caused by these wildfires is an opportunity to change towards more sustainable landscape arrangements that reconcile ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation, and protection from life-threatening wildfires.

中文翻译：

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葡萄牙和智利：从灰烬中崛起，渴望可持续林业

摘要 葡萄牙和智利最近发生的灾难性野火具有相似的特征，不仅是因为它们是在极端天气条件下发生的，还因为涉及到大量的森林种植。可燃松树和桉树物种的茂密森林人工林有利于高强度大火的发展，在日益频繁和严重的干旱事件下威胁人类和林业的可持续性。预防性土地使用规划和具有成本效益的燃料管理是可持续林业的关键要素。在种植园建立之前了解火灾生态环境对于火灾管理规划的成功也至关重要。尽管林业为这些国家的经济做出了贡献，但强烈需要改进监管和​​以科学为基础的管理政策。燃料处理策略可以通过基于风险的建模方法进行优化，并且在荒地-城市接口中应该是强制性的。这些野火造成的悲剧是一个机会，可以转向更可持续的景观安排，以协调生态系统服务、生物多样性保护和保护免受威胁生命的野火。