In most emerging industries including batteries, solar cells, electronic components, printed electronics, the material processing can be understood based on a single platform – ‘transport phenomena of complex fluids’ – which has rarely been in the subject of academic research. This paper covers the complexity in these applications, which is strengthened by the use of nanoparticles. The key concept hidden underneath of this platform is heterogeneity which keeps on changing during processing, leading to a broad spectrum of microstructure and composition. Thus, we have to control heterogeneity for better design of materials and processing. Conventional approach is not enough, and we need a new paradigm in materials processing, which is the control of heterogeneity.

在包括电池，太阳能电池，电子元件，印刷电子产品在内的大多数新兴行业中，可以基于单一平台（即“复杂流体的传输现象”）来理解材料处理，这在学术研究中很少涉及。本文介绍了这些应用程序中的复杂性，而使用纳米颗粒会进一步增强这种复杂性。隐藏在该平台下的关键概念是异质性，异质性在加工过程中不断变化，从而导致了广泛的微观结构和组成。因此，我们必须控制异质性以更好地设计材料和加工。常规方法还不够，我们需要一种新的材料处理范式，即对异质性的控制。