Graphene and its derivatives possess outstanding properties as membrane materials for gas separation. A number of graphene-based membrane types have been extensively studied. Most experimental studies have focused on porous graphene, multilayer graphene or graphene oxide (GO), and polymer membranes embedded with graphene or GO nanosheets. Porous graphene membranes are created on porous supports by top–down methods, for example, focused ion or electron beam irradiation, ultraviolet-induced oxidative etching, and oxygen plasma etching. Multilayer graphene membranes are prepared using direct transfer or stacking of graphene or GO sheets, and gas separation in these materials occurs mainly through their two-dimensional nanochannels. Finally, graphene or GO nanosheets are incorporated into polymer matrices to form mixed matrix membranes. These membranes exhibit unique gas separation properties for various gas pairs, overcoming the typical tradeoffs between permeability and selectivity of polymeric membranes. However, graphene-based membranes are still at an early stage, and much more study should be undertaken to understand their fundamental transport mechanisms and to make graphene membranes viable materials for practical gas separation applications.

石墨烯及其衍生物作为气体分离用膜材料具有优异的性能。已经广泛研究了许多基于石墨烯的膜类型。大多数实验研究都集中在多孔石墨烯，多层石墨烯或氧化石墨烯（GO）以及嵌有石墨烯或GO纳米片的聚合物膜上。多孔石墨烯膜是通过自上而下的方法在多孔载体上形成的，例如聚焦离子或电子束辐照，紫外线诱导的氧化蚀刻和氧等离子体蚀刻。多层石墨烯膜是使用石墨烯或GO片的直接转移或堆叠制备的，这些材料中的气体分离主要通过其二维纳米通道发生。最后，将石墨烯或GO纳米片掺入聚合物基质中以形成混合基质膜。这些膜对各种气体对均表现出独特的气体分离特性，克服了聚合物膜渗透性和选择性之间的典型权衡。然而，基于石墨烯的膜仍处于早期阶段，应进行更多的研究以了解其基本的传输机理，并使石墨烯膜成为可行的用于实际气体分离应用的材料。