This article reviews current developments in metal-based sorbents for carbon capture with emphasis on calcium oxide. A broad overview of carbon dioxide capture with metals in various forms including oxides, hydroxides, carbonates and zirconates is presented. Based on the findings from comparative assessments of these sorbents, CaO appears to be the best solid sorbent for CO₂ capture at high temperatures, and its numerous advantages are discussed in this work. For this reason, a detailed review has been conducted for calcium oxide, which works as a sorbent at temperatures up to 700 °C through carbonation, and desorbs CO₂ above 700 °C by calcination of CaCO₃ at atmospheric pressure. A review of studies on kinetics modelling of CO₂ capture with CaO-based sorbents is also included in this work. Decay in activity caused by sintering and attrition is identified as the greatest challenge with CaO-based sorbents. This work also focuses on the available techniques for enhancing performance and cyclic stability. Reactivation of the sorbents by hydration and reduction in decay rate by doping with inert supports and synthetic sorbents are reviewed. Additionally, the use of biomass resources (waste animal shells) as competitive sources of CaCO₃ is discussed in this work. The review concludes with recommendations for future studies in carbon capture and sequestration.

本文回顾了用于捕集碳的金属基吸附剂的最新进展，重点是氧化钙。介绍了用各种形式的金属捕获二氧化碳的广泛概述，包括氧化物，氢氧化物，碳酸盐和锆酸盐。根据对这些吸附剂进行比较评估的结果，CaO似乎是高温下捕获CO ₂的最佳固体吸附剂，本文讨论了其众多优点。由于这个原因，已经对氧化钙进行了详细的审查，氧化钙在高达700°C的温度下通过碳化作用起吸附剂的作用，并通过在大气压力下煅烧CaCO _3来解吸700°C以上的CO ₂。CO ₂动力学模型研究综述这项工作还包括使用基于CaO的吸附剂进行捕集。烧结和磨损引起的活性下降被认为是基于CaO的吸附剂面临的最大挑战。这项工作还着重于增强性能和循环稳定性的可用技术。综述了通过水合活化吸附剂和通过掺杂惰性载体和合成吸附剂来降低衰变速率的方法。此外，在这项工作中讨论了使用生物质资源（动物废壳）作为竞争性CaCO _3的来源。审查总结了对碳捕集与封存的未来研究的建议。