The photocatalytic pathway to reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) to fuel, an artificial photosynthesis process, is a futuristic and ultimate way to combat the energy crisis and CO₂ emission issues. The most widely used catalyst for photocatalytic reactions is titanium dioxide (TiO₂) due to its availability, chemical stability, low cost and resistant to corrosion. Although TiO₂ photocatalyst suffers due to its wide band gap (only can be activated under ultraviolet light irradiation) and high electron-hole recombination rate, it remained as a precursor for the development of visible light responsive materials for CO₂ reduction through different modifications, such as doping of metal, nonmetal, semiconductors etc. There is a significant improvement in CO₂ conversion using the visible light responsive TiO₂ based catalysts. The product distribution due to the photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ highly depends on the band gap and band edges of the catalyst. The understanding in the mechanistic pathway of CO₂ reduction is very important to design the catalyst for the production of desired product. This present paper provides an overview of research and development of TiO₂ based photo-catalysts for CO₂ reduction and focuses on the improvement of the photocatalyst based on the band gap engineering, charge transfer and CO₂ adsorption. Moreover, the challenges and future prospect in the developing modified TiO₂ for photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ has also been discussed.

减少二氧化碳（CO ₂）转化为燃料的光催化途径是一种人工光合作用过程，是解决能源危机和CO ₂排放问题的未来主义终极方法。用于光催化反应的最广泛使用的催化剂是二氧化钛（TiO ₂），因为它具有可用性，化学稳定性，低成本和耐腐蚀性能。尽管TiO ₂光催化剂由于其禁带宽度（只能在紫外光照射下被激活）和高的电子-空穴复合率而受到影响，但它仍然是开发用于CO ₂的可见光响应材料的前体通过不同的修饰，例如金属，非金属，半导体等的掺杂，可以减少二氧化碳的排放。使用可见光响应型TiO ₂基催化剂可以显着改善CO _2的转化率。由于光催化还原CO ₂而产生的产物分布高度取决于催化剂的带隙和带边缘。对CO ₂还原机理的理解对于设计用于生产所需产物的催化剂非常重要。本文概述了TiO ₂基用于CO _2的光催化剂的研究和开发。减少并着重于基于带隙工程，电荷转移和CO ₂吸附的光催化剂的改进。此外，还讨论了开发用于光催化还原CO _2的改性TiO ₂的挑战和未来前景。