This review is aimed to report the possibility to utilize microbial fuel cells for the treatment of saline and hypersaline solutions. An introduction to the issues related with the biological treatment of saline and hypersaline wastewater is reported, discussing the limitation that characterizes classical aerobic and anaerobic digestions. The microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology, and the possibility to be applied in the presence of high salinity, is discussed before reviewing the most recent advancements in the development of MFCs operating in saline and hypersaline conditions, with their different and interesting applications. Specifically, the research performed in the last 5 years will be the main focus of this review. Finally, the future perspectives for this technology, together with the most urgent research needs, are presented.

这篇综述旨在报告利用微生物燃料电池治疗盐水和高盐溶液的可能性。报告了与盐水和高盐废水的生物处理有关的问题的介绍，讨论了经典有氧消化和厌氧消化的局限性。在回顾在盐和高盐条件下运行的MFC的最新发展及其不同而有趣的应用之前，先讨论了微生物燃料电池（MFC）技术以及在高盐度环境下应用的可能性。具体而言，过去5年中进行的研究将是本次审查的主要重点。最后，介绍了该技术的未来前景以及最紧迫的研究需求。