Abstract A novel an electrochemical sensor is constructed based on three-dimensional Nickel oxide nano flowers (3D-NiO) and TiO2-nanowire arrays (TiO2NWA) by hydrothermal route. Initially TiO2-NWA were produced on titanium foil using hydrothermal method in the presence of 1.0 M NaOH solution at 180 °C for 20 h, then 3D-nickel oxide nano (NiO) flowers (up to 3 µM) are directly grown on TiO2 NWA using hydrothermal reaction in the presence of glucose, urea and nickel acetate mixer solution at 150 °C for 5 h, followed by N2 gas assisted annealing at 500 °C for 2 h. The resultant nanostructures are characterized by CV, XRD, FESEM-EDX and TEM. The as prepared electrodes are used as electrochemical sensors for investigating electrochemical behavior of naringenin (NRG) flavonoid. Further differential pulse voltammetry is used to determine the NRG in vegetable (tomato and ginger) samples at optimized conditions, such as accumulation potential, time, the applied sample volume, pH of the buffer and the step potential. The finest oxidation peaks are observed for NRG in acidic condition (phosphate buffer solution) at around 0.35 V. The obtained oxidation peaks were observed at low current values over the concentration of 1.50 × 10−8 M to 2.35 × 10−4 M with lower detection limit of 0.025 nM for NRG. Mainly the presence of carbon (glucose) enhanced the conductivity and surface area of the as prepared electrode (NiO/TiO2NWA). The nano composite modified electrode (NiO/TiO2NWA) displays good stability, high sensitivity and reproducibility. The recommended method is effectively applied an economical and simple sensor for the present investigation.

中文翻译：

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水热法在TiO 2 纳米线阵列上直接生长3D-氧化镍纳米花，电化学测定蔬菜样品中的柚皮素黄酮

摘要 基于三维氧化镍纳米花（3D-NiO）和TiO2-纳米线阵列（TiO2NWA），采用水热法构建了一种新型电化学传感器。最初在钛箔上使用水热法在 1.0 M NaOH 溶液中在 180 °C 下制备 TiO2-NWA 20 小时，然后在 TiO2 NWA 上直接生长 3D-氧化镍纳米 (NiO) 花（高达 3 µM）在葡萄糖、尿素和醋酸镍混合溶液的存在下，在 150°C 下使用水热反应 5 小时，然后在 500°C 下使用 N2 气体辅助退火 2 小时。所得纳米结构通过 CV、XRD、FESEM-EDX 和 TEM 进行表征。所制备的电极用作电化学传感器，用于研究柚皮素 (NRG) 类黄酮的电化学行为。进一步的差分脉冲伏安法用于在优化条件下确定蔬菜（番茄和姜）样品中的 NRG，例如积累电位、时间、施加的样品体积、缓冲液的 pH 值和阶跃电位。在酸性条件下（磷酸盐缓冲溶液）在 0.35 V 左右观察到 NRG 最精细的氧化峰。 在 1.50 × 10-8 M 至 2.35 × 10-4 M 的低电流值下观察到获得的氧化峰，较低的NRG 的检测限为 0.025 nM。主要是碳（葡萄糖）的存在增强了所制备电极（NiO/TiO2NWA）的电导率和表面积。纳米复合修饰电极（NiO/TiO2NWA）表现出良好的稳定性、高灵敏度和重现性。