Hydrolysates, which are used in hypoallergenic infant formulas, have been found to possess immune modulating effects. For an optimal utilization of hydrolysates, the working mechanisms and responsible proteins underlying the effects should be elucidated. In this study, the immunomodulating activity of whey and soy hydrolysates was studied by quantifying TLR activation and assessing cytokine production in hydrolysate stimulated dendritic cells. The responsible protein fraction was identified and characterized by gel electrophoresis. The immune effects under gastrointestinal conditions were studied by digesting the hydrolysates in an in vitro infant digestion model, after which the digests were analyzed. In both soy and whey hydrolysates, TLR activation and cytokine production in dendritic cells were induced by a fraction containing protein aggregates larger than 1000 kDa, which were formed by electrostatic interactions and disulfide bonds. Only soy aggregates remained intact during duodenal digestion, and maintained the TLR activating capacity. Soy and whey protein aggregates larger than 1000 kDa possess immunomodulatory properties, but only soy aggregates remain under intestinal digestion conditions. This knowledge is important for a better understanding of the effects of hydrolysates.

中文翻译：

---

大豆和乳清水解物中的免疫调节蛋白聚集体及其在体外婴儿胃肠道模型中的消化抗性：免疫调节水解物机理的新见解

低变应原婴儿配方食品中使用的水解物已发现具有免疫调节作用。为了最佳地利用水解产物，应阐明影响作用的工作机制和负责任的蛋白质。在这项研究中，乳清和大豆水解物的免疫调节活性通过定量TLR活化和评估水解物刺激的树突状细胞中细胞因子的产生来进行研究。通过凝胶电泳鉴定和鉴定负责的蛋白质级分。通过在体外消化水解产物来研究胃肠道条件下的免疫作用婴儿消化模型，然后对消化物进行分析。在大豆和乳清水解物中，树突状细胞中的TLR活化和细胞因子的产生是由含有大于1000 kDa的蛋白质聚集体的级分诱导的，该蛋白质聚集体是通过静电相互作用和二硫键形成的。在十二指肠消化过程中，只有大豆聚集体保持完整，并保持了TLR活化能力。大于1000 kDa的大豆和乳清蛋白聚集体具有免疫调节特性，但只有大豆聚集体保留在肠道消化条件下。该知识对于更好地理解水解产物的作用很重要。