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Single-crystalline Gd-doped BiFeO3 nanowires: R3c-to-Pn21a phase transition and enhancement in high-coercivity ferromagnetism
Journal of Materials Chemistry C ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2017-12-11 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7tc05362b Sandeep Kumar Singh Patel 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Jae-Hyeok Lee 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Min-Kwan Kim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Biswanath Bhoi 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Sang-Koog Kim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Journal of Materials Chemistry C ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2017-12-11 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7tc05362b Sandeep Kumar Singh Patel 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Jae-Hyeok Lee 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Min-Kwan Kim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Biswanath Bhoi 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Sang-Koog Kim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
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We fabricated single-crystalline, Gd-doped BiFeO3 (BFO) nanowires using a hydrothermal technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data combined with their Rietveld refinements and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) revealed pure single-phase crystalline Bi1−xGdxFeO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10) nanowires of 40–60 nm diameter and their structural transformation from the rhombohedral R3c (for x = 0 and 0.05) to the orthorhombic Pn21a crystal structure (for x = 0.10). The addition of Gd3+ ions to the pure-phase BFO leads to remarkable changes in the structural and magnetic properties, and these effects are caused by differences in the ionic-radii and magnetic moment between the Bi3+ and Gd3+ ions. According to the observed magnetization-field (M–H) and magnetization-temperature (M–T) curves, with increasing Gd3+ concentration, the saturation magnetization (MS), squareness (Mr/MS), coercivity (HC), exchange-bias field (HEB) and magnetocrystalline anisotropy (K) increased markedly, by MS = 1.26 emu g−1 (640%), Mr/MS = 0.19 (20.5%), HC = 7788 Oe (4560%), HEB = 501 Oe (880%) and K = 1.62 × 105 erg cm−3 (3500%), for x = 0.10 relative to the data for x = 0. In such Gd-doped BFO nanowire samples, spin-canted Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, remarkable enhancements in the magnetocrystalline anisotropy as well as uncompensated surface ferromagnetic spin states in the antiferromagnetic core regions were also found. Such remarkable enhancements in Gd-doped BFO nanowires might offer a variety of spintronic applications.
中文翻译：
单晶掺杂Gd的BiFeO 3纳米线：- [R 3 c ^ -到-光合速率2 1一个在高矫顽力的铁磁性相变和增强
我们使用水热技术制造了单晶，掺Gd的BiFeO 3（BFO）纳米线。X射线衍射（XRD）数据与Rietveld精细化技术和高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）相结合，揭示了40–的纯单相晶体Bi 1 - x Gd x FeO 3（x = 0、0.05、0.10）直径为60 nm，其结构从菱形R 3 c（对于x = 0和0.05）到正交Pn 2 1 a晶体结构（对于x = 0.10）。Gd 3+的添加离子进入纯相BFO会导致结构和磁性能发生显着变化，这些影响是由于Bi 3+和Gd 3+离子之间的离子半径和磁矩不同引起的。根据所观察到的磁化场（M-H ）和磁化-温度（中号- Ť）曲线，随着增加的Gd 3+浓度，饱和磁化（中号小号），矩形（中号- [R /中号小号），矫顽力（H ^ C），交换偏置场（H EB）和磁晶各向异性（K）显着增加，M S = 1.26 emu g -1（640％），M r / M S = 0.19（20.5％），H C = 7788 Oe（4560％），H EB = 501 Oe（880％）和ķ = 1.62×10 5尔格厘米-3（3500％），为X = 0.10相对于用于数据X=0。在这种掺Gd的BFO纳米线样品中，还发现了自旋倾斜的Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya相互作用，磁晶各向异性的显着增强以及反铁磁芯区域中未补偿的表面铁磁自旋态。掺G BFO纳米线的如此显着增强可能会提供多种自旋电子学应用。
更新日期：2017-12-11
中文翻译：
单晶掺杂Gd的BiFeO 3纳米线：- [R 3 c ^ -到-光合速率2 1一个在高矫顽力的铁磁性相变和增强
我们使用水热技术制造了单晶，掺Gd的BiFeO 3（BFO）纳米线。X射线衍射（XRD）数据与Rietveld精细化技术和高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）相结合，揭示了40–的纯单相晶体Bi 1 - x Gd x FeO 3（x = 0、0.05、0.10）直径为60 nm，其结构从菱形R 3 c（对于x = 0和0.05）到正交Pn 2 1 a晶体结构（对于x = 0.10）。Gd 3+的添加离子进入纯相BFO会导致结构和磁性能发生显着变化，这些影响是由于Bi 3+和Gd 3+离子之间的离子半径和磁矩不同引起的。根据所观察到的磁化场（M-H ）和磁化-温度（中号- Ť）曲线，随着增加的Gd 3+浓度，饱和磁化（中号小号），矩形（中号- [R /中号小号），矫顽力（H ^ C），交换偏置场（H EB）和磁晶各向异性（K）显着增加，M S = 1.26 emu g -1（640％），M r / M S = 0.19（20.5％），H C = 7788 Oe（4560％），H EB = 501 Oe（880％）和ķ = 1.62×10 5尔格厘米-3（3500％），为X = 0.10相对于用于数据X=0。在这种掺Gd的BFO纳米线样品中，还发现了自旋倾斜的Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya相互作用，磁晶各向异性的显着增强以及反铁磁芯区域中未补偿的表面铁磁自旋态。掺G BFO纳米线的如此显着增强可能会提供多种自旋电子学应用。
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