In this Review, we discuss clinical developments and controversies in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) that are relevant for clinicians and clinical researchers. We describe advances in genetics, blood-based biomarkers, functional imaging, and systemic therapy of advanced NETs and discuss results of recent phase 3 studies, systemic treatment of advanced disease with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, biotherapy, chemotherapy, and molecularly targeted therapy, and the potential role of immunotherapy in the treatment of NETs. Suggested treatment algorithms for NETs of ileal or jejunal origin and of pancreatic origin are presented.

中文翻译：

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小肠和胰腺的晚期神经内分泌肿瘤：临床发展，争议和未来策略。

在这篇综述中，我们讨论了与临床医生和临床研究人员相关的神经内分泌肿瘤（NET）治疗的临床发展和争议。我们描述了先进NET的遗传学，基于血液的生物标志物，功能成像和系统治疗的进展，并讨论了最近的3期研究结果，采用肽受体放射性核素治疗的晚期疾病的系统治疗，生物治疗，化学疗法和分子靶向治疗，以及免疫疗法在NETs治疗中的潜在作用。提出了针对回肠或空肠起源和胰腺起源的NET的建议治疗算法。