Tumorigenesis begins long before the growth of a clinically detectable lesion and, indeed, even before any of the usual morphological correlates of pre-malignancy are recognizable. Field cancerization, which is the replacement of the normal cell population by a cancer-primed cell population that may show no morphological change, is now recognized to underlie the development of many types of cancer, including the common carcinomas of the lung, colon, skin, prostate and bladder. Field cancerization is the consequence of the evolution of somatic cells in the body that results in cells that carry some but not all phenotypes required for malignancy. Here, we review the evidence of field cancerization across organs and examine the biological mechanisms that drive the evolutionary process that results in field creation. We discuss the clinical implications, principally, how measurements of the cancerized field could improve cancer risk prediction in patients with pre-malignant disease.

中文翻译：

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野外癌变的进化观点。

肿瘤发生早在临床上可检测到的病变增长之前就开始了，实际上，甚至在认识到恶性前的任何常见形态学关联之前就已经开始。场癌化是正常细胞群被可能没有形态变化的癌症引发的细胞群所取代，现已公认是许多类型癌症发展的基础，包括肺癌，结肠癌，皮肤癌，前列腺和膀胱。田间癌变是体内体细胞进化的结果，这种体细胞导致细胞携带某些但不是全部恶性肿瘤所需的表型。在这里，我们回顾了跨器官田野癌变的证据，并研究了驱动导致田野创造的进化过程的生物学机制。