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UV-induced toxicity of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) and the protective properties of natural organic matter (NOM) from the Rio Negro Amazon River†
Environmental Science: Nano ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2017-12-06 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7en00842b
Yueyang Zhang 1, 2, 3, 4 , Tamzin A. Blewett 1, 2, 3, 4 , Adalberto L. Val 5, 6, 7, 8 , Greg G. Goss 1, 2, 3, 4, 9
Affiliation  

Electric power in and transportation to remote communities in the Amazon basin are almost entirely derived from the use of diesel engines. To increase the fuel efficiency and decrease CO2 emissions, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) are increasingly used as diesel fuel additives. The waters of the Rio Negro (Amazon, Brazil) have very low ion concentrations (<25 μmol L−1), low pH (<pH 4.5) and high natural organic matter content (>12 mg L−1), all factors which would improve the solubility, dispersibility and bioavailability of CeO2 NPs. Furthermore, the high levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation present can activate CeO2 NPs given that they are known photocatalytic particles. Thus, the release of CeO2 NPs into the Amazon environment represents the most likely environment for CeO2 NPs to exert any effect. The goals of this study were to determine 1) if toxicity of CeO2 NPs occurs in vivo using a native species, cardinal tetra, 2) if sunlight mediates increased toxicity of CeO2 NPs and 3) if the natural organic matter (NOM) present in Rio Negro waters mitigates or mediates the toxicity of CeO2 NPs. CeO2 NPs were found to produce hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in the presence of artificial sunlight. CeO2 NPs also significantly induced gill lipid peroxidation, but only in the presence of artificial sunlight/on exposure to UV light. CeO2 NPs and UV light were also combined to increase interlamellar cell mass resulting in pathohistological alterations in the gill morphology. The presence of NOM from the Rio Negro (∼13–15 mg L−1) reduced but did not necessarily eliminate these noted effects.

中文翻译:

紫外线引起的氧化铈纳米颗粒(CeO 2 NPs)毒性和来自里约内格罗亚马逊河的天然有机物(NOM)的防护性能

亚马逊盆地流向偏远社区的电力和交通几乎完全来自柴油发动机的使用。为了提高燃料效率并减少CO 2排放,氧化铈纳米颗粒(CeO 2 NPs)越来越多地用作柴油燃料添加剂。里约内格罗(巴西里约热内卢)的水具有非常低的离子浓度(<25μmolL -1),低pH(<pH 4.5)和高天然有机物含量(> 12 mg L -1),所有这些因素会提高CeO 2 NPs的溶解度,分散性和生物利用度。此外,存在的高水平紫外线(UV)可以激活CeO 2已知NP是已知的光催化颗粒。因此,CeO 2 NPs释放到亚马逊环境中代表了CeO 2 NPs发挥作用的最可能环境。这项研究的目的是确定1)CeO 2 NPs的毒性是否在体内使用天然物种,主要红衣主教发生; 2)如果日光调节了CeO 2 NPs的毒性增加,以及3)是否存在天然有机物(NOM)在里约内格罗(Rio Negro)水域中,CeO 2 NPs的毒性减轻或介导。发现在人工阳光下,CeO 2 NPs会产生羟基自由基(·OH)。铈2NPs还显着诱导g脂质过氧化,但仅在存在人造阳光/暴露于紫外线的情况下才如此。CeO 2 NP和紫外线也结合在一起,以增加层间细胞质量,从而导致the形态发生病理组织学改变。来自Rio Negro的NOM(〜13-15 mg L -1)减少了,但并不一定消除这些明显的影响。
更新日期:2017-12-06
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