In the past five years, post-synthetic modification (PSM) has become a very useful strategy in systematically functionalizing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) by modifying the linker, metal node, pore character, and surface environment for the purpose of increasing the structural stability and introducing desired properties. In this review, we intend to demonstrate the two major trends in PSM including the mushrooming of new types of reaction and the combination of multi-steps PSM. The selected examples illustrate three promising PSM classes, post-synthetic metal exchange (PSME), post-synthetic ligand exchange (PSLE) and post-synthetic elimination and insertion (PSE&I). Combined with the well-developed covalent PSM and dative PSM, tandem PSM which constitutes of multistep and different types of reaction adds to the step-by-step improvement of catalytic activity, regulating magnetism and others. These recent advances in PSM not only open new paths to improve the function of MOFs, but also reveal the unprecedented reaction complexity of crystalline solids.

在过去的五年中，合成后修饰（PSM）已成为一种非常有用的策略，可通过修饰连接体，金属节点，孔特征和表面环境，以系统地功能化金属-有机骨架（MOF），以增加结构稳定性并引入所需的特性。在这篇综述中，我们打算证明PSM的两个主要趋势，包括新型反应的迅速发展和多步PSM的组合。所选示例说明了三种有前途的PSM类：合成后金属交换（PSME），合成后配体交换（PSLE）和合成后消除和插入（PSE＆I）。结合完善的共价PSM和衍生PSM，串联PSM由多步反应和不同类型的反应组成，可逐步提高催化活性，调节磁性等。PSM的这些最新进展不仅为改善MOF的功能开辟了新途径，而且揭示了结晶固体前所未有的反应复杂性。