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Type II-C CRISPR-Cas9 Biology, Mechanism, and Application
ACS Chemical Biology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2017-12-20 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00855
Aamir Mir 1 , Alireza Edraki 1 , Jooyoung Lee 1 , Erik J Sontheimer 1
Affiliation  

Genome editing technologies have been revolutionized by the discovery of prokaryotic RNA-guided defense system called CRISPR-Cas. Cas9, a single effector protein found in type II CRISPR systems, has been at the heart of this genome editing revolution. Nearly half of the Cas9s discovered so far belong to the type II-C subtype but have not been explored extensively. Type II-C CRISPR-Cas systems are the simplest of the type II systems, employing only three Cas proteins. Cas9s are central players in type II-C systems since they function in multiple steps of the CRISPR pathway, including adaptation and interference. Type II-C CRISPR systems are found in bacteria and archaea from very diverse environments, resulting in Cas9s with unique and potentially useful properties. Certain type II-C Cas9s possess unusually long PAMs, function in unique conditions (e.g., elevated temperature), and tend to be smaller in size. Here, we review the biology, mechanism, and applications of the type II-C CRISPR systems with particular emphasis on their Cas9s.

中文翻译:


II-C型CRISPR-Cas9生物学、机制和应用



原核 RNA 引导防御系统 CRISPR-Cas 的发现彻底改变了基因组编辑技术。 Cas9 是 II 型 CRISPR 系统中发现的单一效应蛋白,一直是这场基因组编辑革命的核心。迄今为止发现的Cas9中有近一半属于II-C型亚型,但尚未得到广泛探索。 II-C 型 CRISPR-Cas 系统是 II 型系统中最简单的,仅使用三种 Cas 蛋白。 Cas9 是 II-C 型系统中的核心角色,因为它们在 CRISPR 途径的多个步骤中发挥作用,包括适应和干扰。 II-C 型 CRISPR 系统存在于来自非常不同环境的细菌和古细菌中,导致 Cas9 具有独特且潜在有用的特性。某些 II-C 型 Cas9 具有异常长的 PAM,在独特的条件下(例如高温)发挥作用,并且尺寸往往较小。在这里,我们回顾了 II-C 型 CRISPR 系统的生物学、机制和应用,特别重点关注其 Cas9。
更新日期:2017-12-20
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