Occurrence of Dichloroacetamide Herbicide Safeners and Co-Applied Herbicides in Midwestern U.S. Streams,Environmental Science & Technology Letters

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Occurrence of Dichloroacetamide Herbicide Safeners and Co-Applied Herbicides in Midwestern U.S. Streams
Environmental Science & Technology Letters ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2017-12-05 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.7b00505
Emily E. Woodward ₁ , Michelle L. Hladik ₁ , Dana W. Kolpin ₂

Affiliation

Dichloroacetamide safeners (e.g., AD-67, benoxacor, dichlormid, and furilazole) are co-applied with chloroacetanilide herbicides to protect crops from herbicide toxicity. While such safeners have been used since the early 1970s, there are minimal data about safener usage, occurrence in streams, or potential ecological effects. This study focused on one of these research gaps, occurrence in streams. Seven Midwestern U.S. streams (five in Iowa and two in Illinois), with extensive row-crop agriculture, were sampled at varying frequencies from spring 2016 through summer 2017. All four safeners were detected at least once; furilazole was the most frequently detected (31%), followed by benoxacor (29%), dichlormid (15%), and AD-67 (2%). The maximum concentrations ranged from 42 to 190 ng/L. Stream detections and concentrations of safeners appear to be driven by a combination of timing of application (spring following herbicide application) and precipitation events. Detected concentrations were below known toxicity levels for aquatic organisms.

中文翻译：

美国中西部河流中二氯乙酰胺除草剂安全剂和共同施用的除草剂的发生

将二氯乙酰胺安全剂（例如AD-67，苯甲沙星，二氯甲酰胺和呋喃唑）与氯乙苯胺类除草剂共同施用，以保护农作物免受除草剂毒性的影响。自从1970年代初以来就一直使用这种安全剂，但有关安全使用，溪流中的发生或潜在的生态影响的数据很少。这项研究集中于这些研究差距之一，即流中的发生。从2016年春季到2017年夏季，美国有7条中西部溪流（爱荷华州5条，伊利诺伊州2条）和广泛的行作农业被采样。呋喃唑是最常被检测到的（31％），其次是贝诺沙星（29％），双氯米定（15％）和AD-67（2％）。最大浓度范围为42至190 ng / L。溪流的检测和安全剂的浓度似乎是由施药时间（除草剂施药后的春季）和降水事件共同驱动的。检测到的浓度低于已知的水生生物毒性水平。

更新日期：2017-12-05

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