Central nervous system tumors are the leading cause of cancer related death in children. Despite much progress in the field of pediatric neurooncology, modern combination treatment regimens often result in significant late effects, such as neurocognitive deficits, endocrine dysfunction, secondary malignancies, and a host of other chronic health problems. Precision medicine strategies applied to pediatric neurooncology target specific characteristics of individual patients' tumors to achieve maximal killing of neoplastic cells while minimizing unwanted adverse effects. Here, we review emerging trends and the current literature that have guided the development of new molecularly based classification schemas, promising diagnostic techniques, targeted therapies, and delivery platforms for the treatment of pediatric central nervous system tumors.

中文翻译：

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儿科神经肿瘤学的精密医学：综述。

中枢神经系统肿瘤是儿童癌症相关死亡的主要原因。尽管在儿科神经肿瘤学领域取得了很大进展，但是现代联合治疗方案通常会导致重大的后期影响，例如神经认知功能缺陷，内分泌功能障碍，继发性恶性肿瘤以及许多其他慢性健康问题。应用于儿科神经肿瘤学的精密医学策略针对个别患者肿瘤的特定特征，以实现肿瘤细胞的最大杀伤，同时最大程度地减少不良副作用。在这里，我们回顾了新兴的趋势和指导新的基于分子的分类模式，有前途的诊断技术，靶向疗法和治疗小儿中枢神经系统肿瘤的递送平台的最新文献。