Systematic toxicity investigation of graphene oxide: evaluation of assay selection, cell type, exposure period and flake size†,Toxicology Research

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Systematic toxicity investigation of graphene oxide: evaluation of assay selection, cell type, exposure period and flake size†
Toxicology Research ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2017-12-04 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00278e
V. Gies _{1,

2,

3,

4} , S. Zou _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5}

Affiliation

Understanding the toxicity of nanomaterials is essential for the safe and sustainable development of new applications. This is particularly true for a nanomaterial as widely used as graphene oxide (GO), which is utilized as films for electronics, membranes for filtration, drug carriers and more. Despite this, the current literature presents conflicting results on the overall toxicity of GO. Here, the cytotoxicity of three sizes of commercially available GO was investigated on six cell lines, as values of NOAEL/LOAEL. The effectiveness of four viability assays was also evaluated. The overall toxicity of GO greatly varied between cell lines; the suspension cells showed a greater response to the GO treatment compared to the adherent cell lines. Time dependent cytotoxicity was also cell line dependent, with only one cell line demonstrating obvious dependence. The six cell lines were also tested to evaluate their response to varying GO flake sizes: the suspension/phagocytic cells showed little variation in viability, while a difference was observed for the adherent/non-phagocytic cell lines. By systematically studying the effect of dose, GO size and treatment time for the six cell lines by using commercially available GO samples, we eliminate many of the variables which may result in the conflicting reports on the cytotoxicity of GO in the literature.

中文翻译：

氧化石墨烯的系统毒性研究：评估分析选择，细胞类型，暴露时间和薄片尺寸†

了解纳米材料的毒性对于安全和可持续开发新应用至关重要。对于被广泛用作氧化石墨烯（GO）的纳米材料，尤其如此，它被用作电子产品的薄膜，过滤膜，药物载体等。尽管如此，目前的文献对GO的整体毒性提出了相互矛盾的结果。在此，在六种细胞系中研究了三种大小的市售GO的细胞毒性，即NOAEL / LOAEL的值。还评估了四种生存力测定的有效性。不同细胞系之间GO的整体毒性差异很大。与贴壁细胞系相比，悬浮细胞对GO处理表现出更大的反应。时间依赖性细胞毒性也取决于细胞系，只有一个细胞系显示出明显的依赖性。还测试了这六种细胞系，以评估它们对不同GO片大小的反应：悬浮液/吞噬细胞的生存能力几乎没有变化，而粘附/非吞噬细胞系则观察到差异。通过使用市售的GO样品系统地研究六种细胞系的剂量，GO大小和处理时间的影响，我们消除了许多变量，这些变量可能导致文献中关于GO细胞毒性的报道相互矛盾。

更新日期：2017-12-04

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