Advanced biomass feedstocks tend to provide more non-fuel ecosystem goods and services (ES) than 1st-generation alternatives. We explore the idea that payment for non-fuel ES could facilitate market penetration of advanced biofuels by closing the profitability gap. As a specific example, we discuss the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB), where 1st-generation bioenergy feedstocks (e.g., corn-grain) have been integrated into the agricultural landscape. Downstream, the MARB drains to the Gulf of Mexico, where the most-valuable fishery in the US is impacted by annual formation of a large hypoxic “Dead zone.” We suggest that advanced biomass production systems in the MARB can increase and stabilize the provision of ES derived from the coastal and marine ecosystems of the Gulf-of-Mexico. Upstream, we suggest that choosing feedstocks based on their resistance or resilience to disturbance (e.g., perennials, diverse feedstocks) can increase reliability in ES provision over time. Direct feedbacks to incentivize producers of advanced feedstocks are currently lacking. Perhaps a shift from first-generation biofuels to perennial-based fuels and other advanced bioenergy systems (e.g., algal diesel, biogas from animal wastes) can be encouraged by bringing downstream environmental externalities into the market for upstream producers. In future, we can create such feedbacks through payments for ES, but significant research is needed to pave the way.

先进的生物质原料往往比第一代替代品提供更多的非燃料生态系统产品和服务（ES）。我们探索了一种想法，即非燃料ES的支付可以通过弥补利润差距来促进先进生物燃料的市场渗透。作为一个具体示例，我们讨论了密西西比州-阿恰法拉雅河流域（MARB），在该地区，第一代生物能源原料（例如玉米粒）已被整合到农业景观中。下游，MARB排入墨西哥湾，那里是最有价值的渔业在美国，每年都会形成一个大型的缺氧“死区”。我们建议，MARB中先进的生物质生产系统可以增加和稳定来自墨西哥湾沿岸和海洋生态系统的ES的供应。在上游，我们建议根据原料对干扰的抵抗力或抗逆力（例如多年生植物，多种原料）选择原料，可以随着时间的推移提高ES供应的可靠性。当前缺乏激励先进原料生产者的直接反馈。也许是从第一代生物燃料向常年性燃料和其他先进生物能源系统（例如藻类柴油，沼气）的转变可以通过将下游环境外部因素带给上游生产者的市场来鼓励）。将来，我们可以通过为ES付款来创建此类反馈，但需要进行大量研究才能铺平道路。