Covalent nucleotide modifications in noncoding RNAs affect a plethora of biological processes, and new functions continue to be discovered even for well-known modifying enzymes. To systematically compare the functions of a large set of noncoding RNA modifications in gene regulation, we carried out ribosome profiling in budding yeast to characterize 57 nonessential genes involved in tRNA modification. Deletion mutants exhibited a range of translational phenotypes, with enzymes known to modify anticodons, or non-tRNA substrates such as rRNA, exhibiting the most dramatic translational perturbations. Our data build on prior reports documenting translational upregulation of the nutrient-responsive transcription factor Gcn4 in response to numerous tRNA perturbations, and identify many additional translationally regulated mRNAs throughout the yeast genome. Our data also uncover unexpected roles for tRNA-modifying enzymes in regulation of TY retroelements, and in rRNA 2′-O-methylation. This dataset should provide a rich resource for discovery of additional links between tRNA modifications and gene regulation.

非编码RNA中的共价核苷酸修饰会影响许多生物学过程，即使对于众所周知的修饰酶，仍不断发现新功能。为了系统地比较大量非编码RNA修饰在基因调控中的功能，我们在发芽酵母中进行了核糖体分析，以鉴定涉及tRNA修饰的57个非必需基因。缺失突变体表现出一系列的翻译表型，已知能修饰反密码子的酶或非tRNA底物（如rRNA）表现出最显着的翻译干扰。我们的数据以先前的报告为基础，这些报告记录了营养应答转录因子Gcn4响应许多tRNA干扰而翻译上调，并在整个酵母基因组中鉴定出许多其他翻译调控的mRNA。我们的数据还揭示了tRNA修饰酶在调节T细胞中的意想不到的作用TY逆转录酶，以及在rRNA 2'-O-甲基化中。该数据集应提供丰富的资源，用于发现tRNA修饰与基因调控之间的其他联系。