Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pathogens of humans and animals, where it frequently colonizes skin and mucosal membranes. It is of major clinical importance as a nosocomial pathogen and causative agent of a wide array of diseases. Multidrug-resistant strains have become increasingly prevalent and represent a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. For this reason, novel strategies to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens are urgently needed. Bacteriophage-derived enzymes, so-called endolysins, and other peptidoglycan hydrolases with the ability to disrupt cell walls represent possible alternatives to conventional antibiotics. These lytic enzymes confer a high degree of host specificity and could potentially replace or be utilized in combination with antibiotics, with the aim to specifically treat infections caused by Gram-positive drug-resistant bacterial pathogens such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus. LysK is one of the best-characterized endolysins with activity against multiple staphylococcal species. Various approaches to further enhance the antibacterial efficacy and applicability of endolysins have been demonstrated. These approaches include the construction of recombinant endolysin derivatives and the development of novel delivery strategies for various applications, such as the production of endolysins in lactic acid bacteria and their conjugation to nanoparticles. These novel strategies are a major focus of this review.

中文翻译：

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重组内溶素作为抗抗生素金黄色葡萄球菌的潜在疗法：研究现状和新颖的递送策略[评论]


金黄色葡萄球菌是人类和动物最常见的病原体之一，经常在皮肤和粘膜上定殖。作为一种医院病原体和多种疾病的病原体，它具有重要的临床重要性。多重耐药菌株已变得越来越普遍，是发病和死亡的主要原因。因此，迫切需要对抗多重耐药病原体的新策略。噬菌体衍生的酶，即所谓的内溶素，和其他具有破坏细胞壁能力的肽聚糖水解酶代表了传统抗生素的可能替代品。这些裂解酶具有高度的宿主特异性，有可能取代抗生素或与抗生素联合使用，旨在专门治疗由革兰氏阳性耐药细菌病原体（例如耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌）引起的感染。 LysK 是最具特色的内溶素之一，具有对抗多种葡萄球菌的活性。已经证明了进一步增强内溶素的抗菌功效和适用性的各种方法。这些方法包括构建重组细胞内溶素衍生物以及开发用于各种应用的新型递送策略，例如在乳酸菌中生产细胞内溶素及其与纳米颗粒的缀合。这些新颖的策略是本次审查的主要焦点。