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Adherence to Methodological Standards in Research Using the National Inpatient Sample
JAMA ( IF 63.1 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-28 , DOI: 10.1001/jama.2017.17653
Rohan Khera 1 , Suveen Angraal 2 , Tyler Couch 1 , John W. Welsh 2 , Brahmajee K. Nallamothu 3 , Saket Girotra 4 , Paul S. Chan 5 , Harlan M. Krumholz 6
Affiliation  

Importance Publicly available data sets hold much potential, but their unique design may require specific analytic approaches. Objective To determine adherence to appropriate research practices for a frequently used large public database, the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Design, Setting, and Participants In this observational study of the 1082 studies published using the NIS from January 2015 through December 2016, a representative sample of 120 studies was systematically evaluated for adherence to practices required by AHRQ for the design and conduct of research using the NIS. Exposures None. Main Outcomes and Measures All studies were evaluated on 7 required research practices based on AHRQ’s recommendations and compiled under 3 domains: (1) data interpretation (interpreting data as hospitalization records rather than unique patients); (2) research design (avoiding use in performing state-, hospital-, and physician-level assessments where inappropriate; not using nonspecific administrative secondary diagnosis codes to study in-hospital events); and (3) data analysis (accounting for complex survey design of the NIS and changes in data structure over time). Results Of 120 published studies, 85% (n = 102) did not adhere to 1 or more required practices and 62% (n = 74) did not adhere to 2 or more required practices. An estimated 925 (95% CI, 852-998) NIS publications did not adhere to 1 or more required practices and 696 (95% CI, 596-796) NIS publications did not adhere to 2 or more required practices. A total of 79 sampled studies (68.3% [95% CI, 59.3%-77.3%]) among the 1082 NIS studies screened for eligibility did not account for the effects of sampling error, clustering, and stratification; 62 (54.4% [95% CI, 44.7%-64.0%]) extrapolated nonspecific secondary diagnoses to infer in-hospital events; 45 (40.4% [95% CI, 30.9%-50.0%]) miscategorized hospitalizations as individual patients; 10 (7.1% [95% CI, 2.1%-12.1%]) performed state-level analyses; and 3 (2.9% [95% CI, 0.0%-6.2%]) reported physician-level volume estimates. Of 27 studies (weighted; 218 studies [95% CI, 134-303]) spanning periods of major changes in the data structure of the NIS, 21 (79.7% [95% CI, 62.5%-97.0%]) did not account for the changes. Among the 24 studies published in journals with an impact factor of 10 or greater, 16 (67%) did not adhere to 1 or more practices, and 9 (38%) did not adhere to 2 or more practices. Conclusions and Relevance In this study of 120 recent publications that used data from the NIS, the majority did not adhere to required practices. Further research is needed to identify strategies to improve the quality of research using the NIS and assess whether there are similar problems with use of other publicly available data sets.

中文翻译:

在使用全国住院患者样本的研究中遵守方法学标准

重要性 公开可用的数据集具有很大的潜力,但其独特的设计可能需要特定的分析方法。目的 确定对常用大型公共数据库(医疗保健研究和质量局 (AHRQ) 的全国住院样本 (NIS))的适当研究实践的遵守情况。设计、设置和参与者 在这项对 2015 年 1 月至 2016 年 12 月使用 NIS 发表的 1082 项研究的观察性研究中,系统评估了 120 项研究的代表性样本,以确保遵守 AHRQ 要求的实践,使用国家情报局。曝光 无。主要结果和措施所有研究均根据 AHRQ 的建议对 7 项必需的研究实践进行评估,并在 3 个领域下进行汇编:(1) 数据解读(将数据解读为住院记录而不是独特的患者);(2) 研究设计(避免在不适当的情况下进行州、医院和医生级别的评估;不使用非特定的行政二级诊断代码来研究院内事件);(3) 数据分析(考虑到 NIS 的复杂调查设计和数据结构随时间的变化)。结果 在已发表的 120 项研究中,85% (n = 102) 未遵守 1 种或更多要求的做法,62% (n = 74) 未遵守 2 种或更多要求的做法。估计有 925 篇(95% CI,852-998)NIS 出版物不遵守 1 种或更多要求的做法,696 篇(95% CI,596-796)NIS 出版物不遵守 2 种或更多要求的做法。总共 79 项抽样研究(68.3% [95% CI, 59.3%-77. 3%]) 在筛选合格的 1082 项 NIS 研究中,没有考虑抽样误差、聚类和分层的影响;62 (54.4% [95% CI, 44.7%-64.0%]) 推断非特异性次要诊断以推断住院事件;45 (40.4% [95% CI, 30.9%-50.0%]) 将住院错误归类为个别患者;10 (7.1% [95% CI, 2.1%-12.1%]) 进行了州级分析;和 3 (2.9% [95% CI, 0.0%-6.2%]) 报告了医生级别的音量估计。在 27 项研究(加权;218 项研究 [95% CI,134-303])跨越 NIS 数据结构的重大变化时期,21(79.7% [95% CI,62.5%-97.0%])没有考虑对于变化。在影响因子为 10 或更高的期刊上发表的 24 项研究中,16 项 (67%) 不遵守 1 种或多种做法,9 项 (38%) 不遵守 2 种或以上做法。结论和相关性 在这项对使用 NIS 数据的 120 份近期出版物的研究中,大多数没有遵守规定的做法。需要进一步研究以确定使用 NIS 提高研究质量的策略,并评估使用其他公开可用数据集是否存在类似问题。
更新日期:2017-11-28
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