In higher plants, invertases hydrolyze sucrose (Suc), the major end product of photosynthesis, into glucose (Glc) and fructose (Fru), which are used as nutrients, energy sources, and signaling molecules for plant growth, yield formation, and stress responses. The invertase enzymes, named CWINs, VINs, and CINs, are located in the cell wall, vacuole, and cytosol, respectively. We hypothesize, based on their distinctive subcellular locations and physiological roles, that invertases may have undergone different modes during evolution with important functional implications. Here, we provide phylogenetic and functional genomic evidence that CINs are evolutionarily and functionally more stable compared with CWINs and VINs, possibly reflecting their roles in maintaining cytosolic sugar homeostasis for cellular function, and that CWINs have coevolved with the vasculature, likely as a functional component of phloem unloading.

在高等植物中，转化酶将光合作用的主要终产物蔗糖（Suc）水解为葡萄糖（Glc）和果糖（Fru），它们被用作营养，能源和植物生长，产量形成和胁迫的信号分子。回应。名为CWINs，VIN和CIN的转化酶分别位于细胞壁，液泡和胞质溶胶中。基于它们独特的亚细胞位置和生理作用，我们推测转化酶在进化过程中可能经历了不同的模式，具有重要的功能意义。在这里，我们提供了系统发育和功能基因组学证据，与CWIN和VIN相比，CIN在进化和功能上更稳定，这可能反映了它们在维持细胞功能的胞内糖稳态中的作用，