Antibiotic exposure in children has been associated with the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Antibiotic use in children or in their pregnant mother can affect how the intestinal microbiome develops, so we asked whether the transfer of an antibiotic-perturbed microbiota from mothers to their children could affect their risk of developing IBD. Here we demonstrate that germ-free adult pregnant mice inoculated with a gut microbial community shaped by antibiotic exposure transmitted their perturbed microbiota to their offspring with high fidelity. Without any direct or continued exposure to antibiotics, this dysbiotic microbiota in the offspring remained distinct from controls for at least 21 weeks. By using both IL-10-deficient and wild-type mothers, we showed that both inoculum and genotype shape microbiota populations in the offspring. Because IL10^-/- mice are genetically susceptible to colitis, we could assess the risk due to maternal transmission of an antibiotic-perturbed microbiota. We found that the IL10^-/- offspring that had received the perturbed gut microbiota developed markedly increased colitis. Taken together, our findings indicate that antibiotic exposure shaping the maternal gut microbiota has effects that extend to the offspring, with both ecological and long-term disease consequences.

中文翻译：

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代际扰动的微生物群的代际转移增强了易感小鼠的结肠炎。

儿童接触抗生素与炎症性肠病（IBD）的风险有关。儿童或怀孕母亲的抗生素使用会影响肠道微生物组的发育，因此我们询问了将受抗生素干扰的微生物群从母亲转移给孩子是否会影响其患IBD的风险。在这里，我们证明了接种有肠道菌群的无菌成年孕小鼠，肠道菌群是通过抗生素暴露而形成的，它们以高保真度将受干扰的微生物群传递给了它们的后代。没有任何直接或持续的抗生素接触，后代中的这种不良生物微生物群至少与对照组保持了21周的差异。通过使用IL-10缺陷型和野生型母亲，我们显示了接种物和基因型都塑造了后代中的微生物群。^-/-小鼠在遗传上易患结肠炎，我们可以评估由于母体传播受抗生素干扰的微生物群而引起的风险。我们发现接受肠道微生物菌群干扰的IL10 ^-/-后代明显发展为结肠炎。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，暴露于母体肠道菌群的抗生素暴露具有扩展到后代的作用，对生态和长期疾病均具有后果。