Soil erosion is a serious problem world‐wide for the environment or humankind, exacerbating land degradation. However, little systematic knowledge is available about the erodibility of various types of soils at different erosional degradation levels, especially at the field scale. In this research, the spatiotemporal variations of the erodibility for 5 soil types (calcic luvisol, ferric luvisol, plinthic alisol, plinthic acrisol, and acric ferralsol) from temperate to tropical climate were investigated with field rainfall simulation experiments on prewetted bare fallow heavy‐textured soils (silty clay loam, silty clay, and clay) derived separately from loess deposits, quaternary red clays, and basalt. The experiments were performed in 3 erosion classes (noneroded, moderately eroded, and very severely eroded) and at 2 rainfall intensities (45 and 90 mm hr⁻¹). Soil erodibility was represented by the K factor of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation. Soil erodibility was the lowest for the ferralsols among all the soil types and was significantly lower in the very severe than in the no or moderate erosion classes. Soil erodibility tended to be larger at the high than at the low rainfall intensity (p < .05) except for the very severely eroded luvisols, and their difference between rainfall intensities in the erodibility varied with rainfall duration. Soil erodibility could be well predicted by the combination of illite, dry aggregate stability, and amorphous aluminium oxides (adjusted R² = .51, p < .001), and its temporal variations were significantly related with particle density, 1.4‐nm intergrade mineral, and capillary porosity (p < .05). Furthermore, soil properties selected to account for soil erodibility varied with rainfall intensity. The integrated data indicated that soil erodibility was mainly influenced by clay minerals at the region scale and soil degradation degree at the pedon scale.

中文翻译：

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受土壤类型，侵蚀退化和降雨强度影响的重质土壤的可蚀性：田间模拟

对于全球环境或人类而言，水土流失是一个严重的问题，加剧了土地退化。但是，关于各种土壤在不同侵蚀程度下的可蚀性，尤其是在田间规模上的可蚀性，鲜有系统的知识。在这项研究中，通过在预先润湿的裸露裸露的重纹理结构上进行的野外降雨模拟实验，研究了从温带到热带气候的5种土壤类型（钙黄维索尔，铁黄维索尔，亚基阿索尔醇，亚基阿里索尔和亚铁基阿魏索尔）的侵蚀性的时空变化。从黄土矿床，第四纪红黏土和玄武岩中分别衍生出的土壤（粉质黏土壤土，粉质黏土和黏土）。实验分为3种腐蚀等级（非腐蚀，中度腐蚀，^-1）。土壤易蚀性用修订的通用土壤流失方程的K因子表示。在所有类型的土壤中，土壤铁素体含量最低，在极重度条件下明显低于无侵蚀或中等侵蚀水平。 除了极度侵蚀的卢维索尔，土壤的可蚀性在高降雨强度下比在低降雨强度下更大（p <.05），并且降雨强度之间的降雨强度之间的差异随降雨持续时间而变化。伊利石，干骨料稳定性和无定形氧化铝的组合可以很好地预测土壤的可蚀性（调整后的R ²  = .51，p <.001），并且其时间变化与颗粒密度，1.4 nm级间矿物和毛细管孔隙度显着相关（p  <.05）。此外，选择用于解释土壤易蚀性的土壤特性随降雨强度而变化。综合数据表明，土壤易蚀性主要受区域范围内黏土矿物的影响和土壤受污染程度的影响。