Pesticides are widely applied to prevent unwanted pests from attacking crops and livestock which led to their access into the environment. Overuses of pesticides in environment are presence of pesticide residues and their metabolites that are causing serious detrimental effects on human health and all other living organisms. Several severe diseases (Cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, birth defects, infertility) and more damages of human health are associated with the exposure of pesticides. The maximum residue limits for pesticides have been regulated by the Codex Alimentarius Commission and European Union to protect human health. Thus, monitoring these compounds is extremely important to ensure that only permitted levels of pesticide are consumed. To date, several techniques have been developed for pesticide detection, from conventional analytical to advanced detection techniques. The conventional analytical methods are gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coupled with various detectors involved a sample preparation step prior to further analysis. Advanced detection methods refer to the sensors development such as electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric and molecular imprinted polymer. In this review, we summarized and explained the available analytical and advanced methods for determination of pesticides compound in environment and foodstuffs. Also, pesticides classification and its toxicity, and available extraction methods are briefly discussed.

农药被广泛用于防止有害生物侵袭农作物和牲畜，从而导致其进入环境。农药在环境中的过度使用是农药残留及其代谢产物的存在，它们对人类健康和所有其他生物体造成严重的不利影响。农药的暴露与几种严重疾病（癌症，慢性阻塞性肺疾病，先天缺陷，不孕症）以及对人类健康的更多损害有关。食品法典委员会和欧盟已经规定了农药的最大残留限量，以保护人类健康。因此，监测这些化合物对于确保仅消耗允许水平的农药极为重要。迄今为止，已经开发了几种用于农药检测的技术，从传统的分析技术到先进的检测技术。常规分析方法是气相色谱法和高效液相色谱法，再加上各种检测器，在进一步分析之前涉及样品制备步骤。先进的检测方法涉及传感器的发展，例如电化学，光学，压电和分子印迹聚合物。在这篇综述中，我们总结并解释了测定环境和食品中农药化合物的可用分析方法和先进方法。此外，还简要讨论了农药的分类及其毒性以及可用的提取方法。常规分析方法是气相色谱法和高效液相色谱法，再加上各种检测器，在进一步分析之前涉及样品制备步骤。先进的检测方法涉及传感器的发展，例如电化学，光学，压电和分子印迹聚合物。在这篇综述中，我们总结并解释了测定环境和食品中农药化合物的可用分析方法和先进方法。此外，还简要讨论了农药的分类及其毒性以及可用的提取方法。常规分析方法是气相色谱法和高效液相色谱法，再加上各种检测器，在进一步分析之前涉及样品制备步骤。先进的检测方法涉及传感器的发展，例如电化学，光学，压电和分子印迹聚合物。在这篇综述中，我们总结并解释了测定环境和食品中农药化合物的可用分析方法和先进方法。此外，还简要讨论了农药的分类及其毒性以及可用的提取方法。我们总结并解释了测定环境和食品中农药化合物的可用分析方法和先进方法。此外，还简要讨论了农药的分类及其毒性以及可用的提取方法。我们总结并解释了测定环境和食品中农药化合物的可用分析方法和先进方法。此外，还简要讨论了农药的分类及其毒性以及可用的提取方法。