Abstract The occurrence, fate and behaviour of carbon nanomaterials in the aquatic environment are dominated by their functionalization, association with organic material and aggregation behaviour. In particular, the degradation of fullerene aggregates in the aquatic environment is a primary influence on their mobility, sorption potential and toxicity. However, the degradation and kinetics of water suspensions of fullerenes remain poorly understood. In the present work, first, an analytical method based on liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) for the determination of C60 fullerene and their environmental transformation products was developed. Secondly, a series of C60 fullerene water suspensions were degraded under relevant environmental conditions, controlling the salinity, the humic substances content, the pH and the sunlight irradiation. Up to ten transformation products were tentatively identified, including epoxides and dimers with two C60 units linked via one or two adjacent furane-like rings. Fullerenols were not observed under these environmentally relevant conditions. The kinetics of generation of each transformation product were studied with and without simulated sunlight conditions. The ionic strength of the media, its pH and the humic substances content were observed to modulate the kinetics of generation.

中文翻译：

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C 60 富勒烯聚集体在现实环境条件下悬浮和风化的转化

摘要 碳纳米材料在水生环境中的发生、归宿和行为受其功能化、与有机材料的结合和聚集行为的支配。特别是，富勒烯聚集体在水生环境中的降解是对其流动性、吸附潜力和毒性的主要影响。然而，富勒烯的水悬浮液的降解和动力学仍然知之甚少。在目前的工作中，首先，开发了一种基于液相色谱和高分辨质谱 (LC-HRMS) 的分析方法，用于测定 C60 富勒烯及其环境转化产物。其次，在相关环境条件下降解一系列C60富勒烯水悬浮液，控制盐度、腐殖质含量，pH 值和阳光照射。初步鉴定了多达十种转化产物，包括环氧化物和二聚体，其中两个 C60 单元通过一个或两个相邻的类呋喃环连接。在这些环境相关条件下未观察到富勒烯醇。在模拟日光条件下和没有模拟日光条件下，研究了每种转化产物的生成动力学。观察到培养基的离子强度、其 pH 值和腐殖质含量可调节生成动力学。在模拟日光条件下和没有模拟日光条件下，研究了每种转化产物的生成动力学。观察到培养基的离子强度、其 pH 值和腐殖质含量可调节生成动力学。在模拟日光条件下和没有模拟日光条件下，研究了每种转化产物的生成动力学。观察到培养基的离子强度、其 pH 值和腐殖质含量可调节生成动力学。