An uncalcined HT supported Pd-NP catalyst was synthesized via co-precipitation, i.e., PdHT_100RED_20, and benchmarked against a Pd impregnated HT catalyst, i.e., [email protected]_500RED_20. TEM analysis pointed out that the largest NPs (6.5 nm) were found in the co-precipitated catalyst because of its weaker steric NP confinement, compared to the benchmark catalyst (3.2 nm). The PdHT_100RED_20 had a significantly higher catalytic performance (60% conversion, 1.85% leaching) than [email protected]_500RED_20 (19%, 0.98%) due to lack of calcination resulting in an ordered, and thus, more accessible HT structure in combination with its high support basicity. Both catalysts showed low Pd leaching confirming the suitability of HTs as NP support.

Focusing on PdHT_100, the effect of the reduction temperature on the NP size and catalytic performance was investigated. NP size distribution analysis showed that the smallest NPs were found in PdHT_100RED_0 (5.3 nm), resulting in a higher catalytic performance (67%, 2.28%) when compared to PdHT_100RED_20 (6.5 nm). Performing the reduction at higher temperatures, i.e., at 60 °C (5.7 nm), caused an extremely low catalytic performance (13%, 0.20%) due to the less efficient reduction reaction with NaBH₄ at higher reduction temperatures.

Reusing PdHT_100RED_20, a decrease in catalytic performance (45%) was observed. However, this decrease was less pronounced (50%) when a re-activation of the catalyst with Na₂CO₃ between consecutive runs was performed. Moreover, it was shown that the leached Pd species were able to re-deposit onto the support if high conversions were obtained, and thus, an almost quantitatively recovery from the reaction mixture can be achieved with retention of its catalytic activity (>99%).

通过共沉淀即PdHT_100RED_20合成未煅烧的HT负载的Pd-NP催化剂，并以Pd浸渍的HT催化剂即[受电子邮件保护] _500RED_20为基准。TEM分析指出，与基准催化剂（3.2 nm）相比，共沉淀催化剂中发现最大的NP（6.5 nm）是因为其较弱的空间NP限制。由于缺少煅烧，PdHT_100RED_20的催化性能（60％转化，1.85％浸出）比[电子邮件保护] _500RED_20（19％，0.98％）要高得多，这是因为其导致煅烧的结果是有序的，因此更易于与HT结构结合使用其高度的支持性。两种催化剂均显示出低的Pd浸出率，证实了HTs作为NP载体的适用性。

针对PdHT_100，研究了还原温度对NP尺寸和催化性能的影响。NP尺寸分布分析表明，在PdHT_100RED_0（5.3 nm）中发现了最小的NP，与PdHT_100RED_20（6.5 nm）相比，具有更高的催化性能（67％，2.28％）。由于在较高的还原温度下与NaBH _4的还原反应效率较低，因此在较高的温度（即60°C（5.7 nm））下进行还原反应会导致极低的催化性能（13％，0.20％）。

重复使用PdHT_100RED_20，观察到催化性能下降（45％）。然而，当在连续运行之间用Na ₂ CO ₃进行催化剂的再活化时，这种降低不太明显（50％）。此外，已表明，如果获得高转化率，则浸出的Pd物种能够重新沉积到载体上，因此，在保持催化活性（> 99％）的情况下，几乎可以从反应混合物中定量回收。 。