Building human tissues via 3D cell printing technology has received particular attention due to its process flexibility and versatility. This technology enables the recapitulation of unique features of human tissues and the all-in-one manufacturing process through the design of smart and advanced biomaterials and proper polymerization techniques. For the optimal engineering of tissues, a higher-order assembly of physiological components, including cells, biomaterials, and biomolecules, should meet the critical requirements for tissue morphogenesis and vascularization. The convergence of 3D cell printing with a microfluidic approach has led to a significant leap in the vascularization of engineering tissues. In addition, recent cutting-edge technology in stem cells and genetic engineering can potentially be adapted to the 3D tissue fabrication technique, and it has great potential to shift the paradigm of disease modeling and the study of unknown disease mechanisms required for precision medicine. This review gives an overview of recent developments in 3D cell printing and bioinks and provides technical requirements for engineering human tissues. Finally, we propose suggestions on the development of next-generation therapeutics and diagnostics.

通过3D细胞打印技术构建人体组织由于其过程灵活性和多功能性而受到了特别的关注。通过设计智能和先进的生物材料以及适当的聚合技术，该技术可以概括人体组织的独特特征和多合一的制造过程。为了组织的最佳工程化，包括细胞，生物材料和生物分子的生理成分的更高阶组装应满足组织形态发生和血管形成的关键要求。3D细胞打印与微流控方法的融合已导致工程组织血管化的重大飞跃。此外，干细胞和基因工程领域的最新尖端技术可能会适应3D组织制造技术，并且它具有巨大的潜力，可以改变疾病建模的范式以及精密医学所需的未知疾病机制的研究。这篇综述概述了3D细胞打印和生物墨水的最新发展，并提出了工程化人体组织的技术要求。最后，我们对下一代治疗和诊断技术的发展提出建议。