In this research, a haptacyclic carbazole-based dithienocyclopentacarbazole (DTCC) ladder-type structure was formylated to couple with two 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone (IC) moieties, forming a new nonfullerene acceptor DTCCIC-C17 using a bulky branched 1-octylnonayl side chain at the nitrogen of the embedded carbazole and four 4-octylphenyl groups at the sp³-carbon bridges. The rigid and coplanar main-chain backbone of the DTCC core provides a broad light-absorbing window and a higher-lying LUMO energy level, whereas the bulky flanked side chains reduce intermolecular interactions, making DTCCIC-C17 amorphous with excellent solution processability. The DTCCIC-C17 as an acceptor is combined with a medium band gap polymer poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1′,3′-di-2-thienyl-5′,7′-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1′,2′-c:4′,5′-c′]dithiophene-4,8-dione))] (PBDB-T) as the donor in the active layer to obtain suitable highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy alignments and complimentary absorption. The devices with an inverted configuration (ITO/ZnO/active layer/MoO₃/Ag) without using an aqueous poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate layer were fabricated for better device stability. When the diiodooctane-treated PBDB-T:DTCCIC-C17 active layer was thermally annealed at 50 °C for 10 min, the device achieved the highest efficiency of 9.48% with a high V_oc of 0.98 V, a J_sc of 14.27 mA cm^–2, and an FF of 0.68.

中文翻译：

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高效连锁的基于杂环的咔唑基梯形非富勒烯受体的侧链优化

在这项研究中，基于四环咔唑的二硫代环戊碳咔唑（DTCC）梯型结构被甲酰化，与两个1,1-二氰亚甲基-3-茚满酮（IC）部分偶联，形成了一个新的非富勒烯受体DTCCIC-C17，其使用了大分子支链1在嵌入的咔唑的氮原子上具有-辛基壬基侧链，在sp ^3-碳桥处具有四个4-辛基苯基基团。DTCC核的刚性且共面的主链主链提供了宽广的光吸收窗口和更高的LUMO能级，而庞大的侧翼侧链减少了分子间的相互作用，使DTCCIC-C17非晶态并具有出色的溶液可加工性。DTCCIC-C17作为受体与中带隙聚合物聚[（2,6-（4,8-双（5-（2-乙基己基）噻吩-2-基）-苯并[1,2- b]：4,5- b ']二噻吩））- alt-（5,5-（1'，3'-二-2-噻吩基-5'，7'-双（2-乙基己基）苯并[1'，2 '' -c：4'，5'- c '] dithiophene-4,8-​​dione））]（PBDB-T）作为活性层中的供体，以获得合适的最高占据分子轨道/最低最低未占据分子轨道能量排列和补充吸收。为了获得更好的装置稳定性，制造了不使用含水聚（3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩）聚苯乙烯磺酸盐层的具有反转结构（ITO / ZnO /活性层/ MoO ₃ / Ag）的装置。当二碘辛烷处理过的PBDB-T：DTCCIC-C17活性层在50°C下热退火10分钟时，该器件在高V _{oc的情况下}达到了9.48％的最高效率。0.98 V的Jsc，14.27 mA cm ^–2的J _sc和0.68的FF。