Manure biochar (MB) is recognized to be a beneficial material for absorbing heavy metals from soil and alleviating soil degradation. However, the effects of the addition of MB on the phospholipid fatty acid concentrations and their linkage to heavy metals accumulation in rice are poorly understood. A microcosm incubation experiment was conducted to study the effects of a swine MB amendment on (a) the composition of the soil microbial community in 2 soils (clay‐loam vs. silt‐loam) and (b) heavy metals accumulation in rice grains and straws. MB amendment increased microbial diversity, and bacteria had greater magnitude of increase than did fungi in 2 soils after 98 days of incubation. The G⁻ rather than G⁺ bacteria phospholipid fatty acid concentrations were significantly increased with MB amendment rates for both soils. The higher MB addition rate (1.5%) did not get more benefit for aerobic bacteria but significantly led to anaerobic bacteria proliferation as compared with the 0.5% MB treatment. The 1.5% MB addition suppressed grain and straw Pb, Cu, and As, while it increased grain and straw Cd and Zn from two soils. Significant soil type × MB rate interactions were observed in most microbial indicators (except F/B and G⁺) and grain Pb, grain As, and straw Zn. Linkages of bacteria (mainly as G⁻ and/or An), actinobacteria, fungi, and protozoa (in silt‐loam soil) to the MB rate and heavy metals in rice were identified.

中文翻译：

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猪粪生物炭改良土壤微生物群落组成及其与水稻收获期重金属积累的关系

粪便生物炭 (MB) 被认为是一种有益的材料，可从土壤中吸收重金属并缓解土壤退化。然而，人们对添加 MB 对磷脂脂肪酸浓度的影响及其与水稻中重金属积累的联系知之甚少。进行了微观孵化实验以研究猪 MB 改良剂对 (a) 2 种土壤（粘壤土与粉壤土）中土壤微生物群落组成和 (b) 水稻籽粒中重金属积累的影响和吸管。MB 修正物增加了微生物多样性，并且在培养 98 天后，细菌在 2 种土壤中的增加幅度大于真菌。G⁻ 而不是 G⁺ 细菌磷脂脂肪酸浓度随着两种土壤的 MB 修正率显着增加。与 0.5% MB 处理相比，较高的 MB 添加率 (1.5%) 并未对需氧菌带来更多益处，但显着导致厌氧菌增殖。添加 1.5% 的 MB 抑制了谷物和秸秆的 Pb、Cu 和 As，同时增加了两种土壤中谷物和秸秆的 Cd 和 Zn。在大多数微生物指标（F/B 和 G⁺除外）和谷物 Pb、谷物 As 和秸秆 Zn 中观察到显着的土壤类型 × MB 速率相互作用。确定了细菌（主要是 G⁻ 和/或 An）、放线菌、真菌和原生动物（粉壤土中）与水稻中 MB 率和重金属的联系。而它增加了两种土壤中谷物和秸秆的 Cd 和 Zn。在大多数微生物指标（F/B 和 G⁺除外）和谷物 Pb、谷物 As 和秸秆 Zn 中观察到显着的土壤类型 × MB 速率相互作用。确定了细菌（主要是 G⁻ 和/或 An）、放线菌、真菌和原生动物（粉壤土中）与水稻中 MB 率和重金属的联系。而它增加了两种土壤中谷物和秸秆的 Cd 和 Zn。在大多数微生物指标（F/B 和 G⁺除外）和谷物 Pb、谷物 As 和秸秆 Zn 中观察到显着的土壤类型 × MB 速率相互作用。确定了细菌（主要是 G⁻ 和/或 An）、放线菌、真菌和原生动物（粉壤土中）与水稻中 MB 率和重金属的联系。