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Characterization of Byproducts from Chemical Syntheses of Oligonucleotides Containing 1-Methyladenine and 3-Methylcytosine
ACS Omega ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-20 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01482
Qi Tang 1 , Ang Cai 1 , Ke Bian 1 , Fangyi Chen 1 , James C Delaney 2 , Sravani Adusumalli 1 , Alvin C Bach 1 , Fatemeh Akhlaghi 1 , Bongsup P Cho 1 , Deyu Li 1
Affiliation  

Oligonucleotides serve as important tools for biological, chemical, and medical research. The preparation of oligonucleotides through automated solid-phase synthesis is well-established. However, identification of byproducts generated from DNA synthesis, especially from oligonucleotides containing site-specific modifications, is sometimes challenging. Typical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (MS), and gel electrophoresis methods alone are not sufficient for characterizing unexpected byproducts, especially for those having identical or very similar molecular weight (MW) to the products. We used a rigorous quality control procedure to characterize byproducts generated during oligonucleotide syntheses: (1) purify oligonucleotides by different HPLC systems; (2) determine exact MW by high-resolution MS; (3) locate modification position by MS/MS or exonuclease digestion with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight analysis; and (4) conduct, where applicable, enzymatic assays. We applied these steps to characterize byproducts in the syntheses of oligonucleotides containing biologically important methyl DNA adducts 1-methyladenine (m1A) and 3-methylcytosine (m3C). In m1A synthesis, we differentiated a regioisomeric byproduct 6-methyladenine, which possesses a MW identical to uncharged m1A. As for m3C, we identified a deamination byproduct 3-methyluracil, which is only 1 Da greater than uncharged m3C in the ∼4900 Da context. The detection of these byproducts would be very challenging if the abovementioned procedure was not adopted.

中文翻译:

含有 1-甲基腺嘌呤和 3-甲基胞嘧啶的寡核苷酸化学合成副产物的表征

寡核苷酸是生物、化学和医学研究的重要工具。通过自动化固相合成制备寡核苷酸的方法已经成熟。然而,鉴定 DNA 合成产生的副产物,尤其是含有位点特异性修饰的寡核苷酸,有时具有挑战性。单独使用典型的高效液相色谱 (HPLC)、质谱 (MS) 和凝胶电泳方法不足以表征意想不到的副产物,特别是对于那些与产物具有相同或非常相似的分子量 (MW) 的副产物。我们采用严格的质量控制程序来表征寡核苷酸合成过程中产生的副产物:(1)通过不同的 HPLC 系统纯化寡核苷酸;(2)通过高分辨率MS确定准确的MW;(3)通过MS/MS或核酸外切酶消化以及基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间分析来定位修饰位置;(4) 在适用的情况下进行酶测定。我们应用这些步骤来表征含有生物学上重要的甲基 DNA 加合物 1-甲基腺嘌呤 (m1A) 和 3-甲基胞嘧啶 (m3C) 的寡核苷酸合成中的副产物。在 m1A 合成中,我们区分了一种区域异构副产物 6-甲基腺嘌呤,其分子量与不带电荷的 m1A 相同。至于 m3C,我们发现了一种脱氨基副产物 3-甲基尿嘧啶,在~4900 Da 范围内,它仅比不带电荷的 m3C 大 1 Da。如果不采用上述程序,这些副产物的检测将非常具有挑战性。
更新日期:2017-11-20
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