Using a scanning tunneling microscope, confined electron states are studied that exist above subsurface nanometer-sized voids at Pb(111), where potential barriers at the parallel vacuum-Pb(111) and Pb(111)-void interfaces establish a principal series of quantum well states that are further confined laterally by strong reflection at the open boundaries at the edges of the void. The influence of the size, depth, and shape of the voids on the effectiveness of the lateral confinement is discussed. Standing wave patterns observed in differential conductance maps unravel the dispersion of the relevant underlying Pb electron states.

中文翻译：

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Pb（111）处量子阱态的开边界反射

使用扫描隧道显微镜，研究了在Pb（111）处的地下纳米尺寸空隙上方存在的受限电子态，其中平行真空-Pb（111）和Pb（111）-空隙界面处的势垒建立了一个主要的量子阱状态在空间边缘的开放边界处被强反射进一步横向限制。讨论了空隙的大小，深度和形状对侧向约束有效性的影响。在微分电导图中观察到的驻波图揭示了相关的基础Pb电子态的色散。