Fast and reliable bacteria detection is crucial for lowering the socioeconomic burden related to bacterial infections (e.g., in healthcare, industry or security). Bacteriophages (i.e., viruses with bacterial hosts) pose advantages such as great specificity, robustness, toughness and cheap preparation, making them popular biorecognition elements in biosensors and other assays for bacteria detection. There are several possible designs of bacteriophage-based biosensors. Here, we focus on developments based on whole virions as recognition agents. We divide the review into sections dealing with phage lysis as an analytical signal, phages as capturing elements in assays and phage-based sensing layers, putting the main focus on development reported within the past three years but without omitting the fundamentals.

快速可靠的细菌检测对于降低与细菌感染有关的社会经济负担至关重要（例如，在医疗保健，工业或安全领域）。噬菌体（即带有细菌宿主的病毒）具有诸如高特异性，强健性，韧性和廉价制备等优点，使其成为生物传感器和其他细菌检测方法中流行的生物识别元件。基于噬菌体的生物传感器有几种可能的设计。在这里，我们专注于基于整个病毒体作为识别剂的开发。我们将审查分为几个部分，分别将噬菌体裂解作为一种分析信号，将噬菌体作为测定中的捕获元素和基于噬菌体的传感层，将重点放在过去三年中报告的发展上，但不忽略其基本原理。