Microbial metabolic products, such as biosurfactants, bioemulsifiers, acids, solvents, and biogases, are useful for reducing the viscosity of heavy oils and enhancing oil recovery. Two heavy oil viscosity-reducing microorganisms, namely, SH-2 and SH-3, were selected from produced water which were collected from high-temperature reservoirs by enrichment culture technique. The screened bacteria produce biosurfactants and biogases that can biodegrade heavy crude oil components. The screened bacteria combined with indigenous bacteria were applied in a pilot test of microbial huff and puff. Temperature, porosity, and permeability of the reservoir were 50 °C, 14.32%, and 22 mD, respectively. After microbial treatment, the 50 °C degassing for crude oil viscosity of the produced oil was decreased from 750 to 634 mPa·s. Moreover, wax and resin–asphaltene contents of produced oil were reduced by 12.3% and 16.9%, respectively. The average oil production was improved from 2.2 to 3.5 t/day after microbial treatment. The production remained stable without the chemical viscosity reducer for 54 days. The analysis of bacterial community structure indicated that the number of bacteria species increased and that the microbial diversity was highly abundant. However, harmful microorganisms for microbe-enhanced oil recovery, such as sulfate-reducing bacteria, are inhibited during the progress of microbial huff and puff.

中文翻译：

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芽孢杆菌属的应用。微生物吞吐试验的研究，以提高重油采收率

微生物代谢产物，例如生物表面活性剂，生物乳化剂，酸，溶剂和沼气，可用于降低重油的粘度并提高采油率。从采出水中选择了两种降低稠油粘度的微生物，即SH-2和SH-3，这些微生物是通过富集培养技术从高温储层中收集的。筛选出的细菌会产生生物表面活性剂和沼气，可以生物降解重质原油成分。筛选出的细菌与本地细菌相结合，用于微生物吞吐试验。储层的温度，孔隙度和渗透率分别为50°C，14.32％和22 mD。经过微生物处理后，成品油的原油粘度在50°C下脱气从750 mPa·s降至634 mPa·s。而且，成品油中的蜡和树脂-沥青质含量分别降低了12.3％和16.9％。微生物处理后，平均产油量从2.2吨/天提高到3.5吨/天。在没有使用化学减粘剂的情况下，生产保持稳定54天。对细菌群落结构的分析表明，细菌种类增加​​，微生物多样性高度丰富。但是，在微生物吞吐过程中，抑制了微生物回收油的有害微生物（如硫酸盐还原菌）被抑制了。对细菌群落结构的分析表明，细菌种类增加​​，微生物多样性高度丰富。但是，在微生物吞吐过程中，抑制了微生物回收油的有害微生物（如硫酸盐还原菌）被抑制了。对细菌群落结构的分析表明，细菌种类增加​​，微生物多样性高度丰富。但是，在微生物吞吐过程中，抑制了微生物回收油的有害微生物（如硫酸盐还原菌）被抑制了。