Polymer gel systems as water management materials have been widely used in recent years for enhanced oil recovery applications. However, most polymer gel systems are limited in their ability to withstand the harsh environments of high temperature and high salinity. Those polymer gel systems that can handle high-temperature excessive water treatments are reviewed in this paper and categorized into three major types: in situ cross-linked polymer gels, preformed gels, and foamed gels. Future directions for the development of polymer gel systems for high-temperature conditions are recommended. For excessive water management with temperatures from 80 to 120 °C, current polymer systems are substantially adequate. Polymer gel systems composed of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)/chromium can be combined with nanoparticle technology to elongate their gelation time and reduce the adsorption of chromium ions in the formation. Phenolic resin cross-linker systems have reasonable gelation times and gel strengths; however, more environmentally friendly cross-linkers should be developed to meet the increasingly stringent environmental requirements. For particle gels, the addition of functional monomer(s) can improve the antitemperature performance. When the applied temperatures reach 120 °C, inorganic cross-linker systems are no longer applicable, and the gelation time of organic cross-linking polymer gel systems and gel thermal stability will decrease significantly due to fast cross-linking reactions. During this period, retarders can be used to elongate the gelation time, and gel strength enhancers (e.g., cement, silica) can also be applied to improve the gel strength at such extremely high temperatures. Most importantly, novel polymers (e.g., ter- or tetrapolymers), functional monomers, and environmentally friendly cross-linkers need to be discovered and developed for polymer gel applications. Second cross-linking systems can be applied to further enhance the strength of the particle gels in harsh conditions. On the basis of these developments, foamed gels can be well-implemented in fractures and wormholes to save the amount of injected gels.

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高温石油储层中用于水管理的聚合物凝胶系统：化学综述

近年来，作为水管理材料的聚合物凝胶系统已广泛用于提高采油率。然而，大多数聚合物凝胶体系承受高温和高盐度的苛​​刻环境的能力受到限制。本文对那些可以进行高温过度水处理的聚合物凝胶体系进行了综述，并将其分为三种主要类型：原位交联的聚合物凝胶，预制的凝胶和发泡的凝胶。建议在高温条件下开发聚合物凝胶体系的未来方向。为了在80至120°C的温度下进行过多的水管理，当前的聚合物体系已足够。可以将由部分水解的聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）/铬组成的聚合物凝胶系统与纳米颗粒技术结合使用，以延长其凝胶化时间并减少地层中铬离子的吸附。酚醛树脂交联剂体系具有合理的胶凝时间和胶凝强度；但是，应开发更环保的交联剂以满足日益严格的环境要求。对于颗粒凝胶，添加功能性单体可以改善抗温性能。当施加的温度达到120°C时，将不再适用无机交联剂体系，由于快速的交联反应，有机交联聚合物凝胶体系的胶凝时间和凝胶热稳定性将大大降低。在这段时期，缓凝剂可用于延长胶凝时间，而胶凝强度增强剂（例如，水泥，二氧化硅）也可用于改善这种极高温度下的胶凝强度。最重要的是，需要发现和开发用于聚合物凝胶应用的新型聚合物（例如，三元共聚物或四元共聚物），功能单体和环保型交联剂。在恶劣条件下，可以应用第二种交联系统来进一步增强颗粒凝胶的强度。基于这些发展，可以在裂缝和虫洞中很好地实现泡沫凝胶，以节省注入的凝胶量。对于聚合物凝胶应用，需要发现和开发功能性单体和环保型交联剂。在恶劣条件下，可以应用第二种交联系统来进一步增强颗粒凝胶的强度。基于这些发展，可以在裂缝和虫洞中很好地实现泡沫凝胶，以节省注入的凝胶量。对于聚合物凝胶应用，需要发现和开发功能性单体和环保型交联剂。在恶劣条件下，可以应用第二种交联系统来进一步提高颗粒凝胶的强度。基于这些发展，可以在裂缝和虫洞中很好地实现泡沫凝胶，以节省注入的凝胶量。