The arrival of the Journal's 175th anniversary occurs at a time of recent advances in research, providing an ideal opportunity to present a neurodevelopmental roadmap for understanding, preventing, and treating psychiatric disorders. Such a roadmap is particularly relevant for early-childhood-onset neurodevelopmental conditions, which emerge when experience-dependent neuroplasticity is at its peak. Employing a novel developmental specification approach, this review places recent neurodevelopmental research on early childhood disruptive behavior within the historical context of the Journal. The authors highlight irritability and callous behavior as two core exemplars of early disruptive behavior. Both phenotypes can be reliably differentiated from normative variation as early as the first years of life. Both link to discrete pathophysiology: irritability with disruptions in prefrontal regulation of emotion, and callous behavior with abnormal fear processing. Each phenotype also possesses clinical and predictive utility. Based on a nomologic net of evidence, the authors conclude that early disruptive behavior is neurodevelopmental in nature and should be reclassified as an early-childhood-onset neurodevelopmental condition in DSM-5. Rapid translation from neurodevelopmental discovery to clinical application has transformative potential for psychiatric approaches of the millennium.

[AJP at 175: Remembering Our Past As We Envision Our Future

November 1938: Electroencephalographic Analyses of Behavior Problem Children

Herbert Jasper and colleagues found that brain abnormalities revealed by EEG are a potential causal factor in childhood behavioral disorders. (Am J Psychiatry 1938; 95:641–658)]

该杂志创刊 175 周年之际，恰逢研究取得最新进展，为展示理解、预防和治疗精神疾病的神经发育路线图提供了理想的机会。这样的路线图与儿童早期发病的神经发育状况特别相关，这种状况在经验依赖性神经可塑性达到顶峰时出现。这篇综述采用了一种新颖的发展规范方法，将近期关于幼儿破坏性行为的神经发育研究置于该杂志的历史背景下。作者强调，易怒和冷酷行为是早期破坏性行为的两个核心范例。早在生命的第一年，这两种表型就可以与正常变异可靠地区分开来。两者都与离散的病理生理学有关：前额叶情绪调节中断导致的烦躁，以及异常恐惧处理导致的冷酷行为。每种表型还具有临床和预测用途。基于法理证据网，作者得出结论，早期破坏性行为本质上是神经发育障碍，应在 DSM-5 中重新分类为儿童早期发病的神经发育状况。从神经发育发现到临床应用的快速转化对于新千年的精神病学方法具有变革潜力。

[AJP 175：在展望未来时铭记我们的过去

1938 年 11 月：行为问题儿童的脑电图分析

Herbert Jasper 及其同事发现，脑电图显示的大脑异常是儿童行为障碍的潜在致病因素。 （美国精神病学杂志 1938 年；95：641–658）]