Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a serious health concern. Accumulated evidence shows that overexpression of programmed death 1 (PD-1), programmed death ligands 1 and 2 (PD-L1 and PD-L2) within the liver and peripheral blood immune cells may be induced by HBeAg or cytokine secretion [1–3]. Blockade of immune check points is a novel treatment for various cancers and PD-L1 expression on tumor cells (TCs) and/or tumor-infiltrating immune cells (ICs) are valuable predictive markers [4]. However, it is unclear whether CHB affects PD-L1 expression in cancer patients with CHB.

中文翻译：

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慢性乙型肝炎非小细胞肺癌中程序性死亡配体1的增加。

慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）是严重的健康问题。积累的证据表明，HBeAg或细胞因子的分泌可能诱导肝脏和外周血免疫细胞内程序性死亡1（PD-1），程序性死亡配体1和2（PD-L1和PD-L2）的过度表达[1-3]。 ]。阻断免疫检查点是治疗各种癌症的一种新方法，PD-L1在肿瘤细胞（TCs）和/或浸润肿瘤的免疫细胞（ICs）上的表达是有价值的预测标记[4]。但是，尚不清楚CHB是否会影响患有CHB的癌症患者的PD-L1表达。