From its academic beginnings the theory of human action control has distinguished between endogenously driven, intentional action and exogenously driven, habitual, or automatic action. We challenge this dual-route model and argue that attempts to provide clear-cut and straightforward criteria to distinguish between intentional and automatic action have systematically failed. Specifically, we show that there is no evidence for intention-independent action, and that attempts to use the criterion of reward sensitivity and rationality to differentiate between intentional and automatic action are conceptually unsound. As a more parsimonious, and more feasible, alternative we suggest a unitary approach to action control, according to which actions are (i) represented by codes of their perceptual effects, (ii) selected by matching intention-sensitive selection criteria, and (ii) moderated by metacontrol states.

中文翻译：

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走向人类行为控制的统一方法

从学术开始，人类行为控制理论就区分了内源性驱动的有意行为和外源性驱动的习惯性或自动行为。我们挑战这种双路径模型，并认为试图提供明确和直接的标准来区分有意和自动行动的尝试已经系统地失败了。具体来说，我们表明没有证据表明行为与意图无关，并且尝试使用奖励敏感性和理性来区分有意和自动行为在概念上是不合理的。作为一种更简洁、更可行的替代方案，我们建议采用统一的动作控制方法，根据该方法，动作 (i) 由其感知效果的代码表示，