The tumor microenvironment (TME) has profound impacts on cancer progression and remodeling of the TME has emerged as a strategy to facilitate cancer therapy. Recently, great progress in TME modulation has been made, especially with the rapid developments in nanomedicine. In this review we outline the latest advances in remodeling of the TME based on nanotherapeutics. First, novel strategies developed to modulate the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) are discussed, including disruption, mimicking, and intervening in tumor ECM fabrication. Then, emerging tumor-associated fibroblast (TAF)-based nanotherapeutics are reviewed, including disruption and targeting of TAFs. Furthermore, recent developments in tumor vessel disruption and normalization are discussed. Finally, emerging approaches in response to tumor hypoxia are presented, with special emphasis on delivering oxygen, generating oxygen, and targeting tumor hypoxia.

肿瘤微环境（TME）对癌症进展具有深远的影响，TME的重塑已成为促进癌症治疗的策略。最近，尤其是随着纳米医学的飞速发展，TME调制取得了长足的进步。在这篇综述中，我们概述了基于纳米治疗技术的TME重塑的最新进展。首先，讨论了开发新的策略来调节肿瘤细胞外基质（ECM），包括破坏，模仿和干预肿瘤ECM的制备。然后，审查了新兴的肿瘤相关成纤维细胞（TAF）为基础的纳米疗法，包括破坏和靶向TAF。此外，讨论了肿瘤血管破裂和正常化的最新进展。最后，提出了应对肿瘤缺氧的新兴方法，