Constructed wetlands are commonly used for wastewater treatment when centralized sewage treatment is not feasible. Many studies have focused on the removal of micropollutants by treatment wetlands, but little is known about how well they can remove biological activity. Here we studied the removal efficacy of conventional and intensified treatment wetland designs using both chemical analysis of conventional wastewater parameters and treatment indicator chemicals (caffeine, ibuprofen, naproxen, benzotriazole, diclofenac, acesulfame, carbamazepine) as well as a panel of in vitro bioassays indicative of different stages of cellular toxicity pathways, such as xenobiotic metabolism, receptor-mediated effect and adaptive stress responses. Water samples collected before and after seven treatment wetlands were compared against the adjacent municipal wastewater treatment plant. The intensified treatment wetlands generally removed micropollutants and biological activity to a greater extent than the conventional wastewater treatment plant, whereas the conventional horizontal subsurface flow wetland showed poor removal of all indicators. Carbamazepine was not well removed by any of the studied systems as expected from reported recalcitrance in aerobic environments. Estrogenic activity, which is a commonly used biological endpoint indicator for wastewater treatment, was removed very well by the intensified wetlands (97 to 99.5%) with similar or slightly lower removal efficacy for all other biological endpoints. The results highlight the importance of applying indicator bioassays complementary to indicator chemical analysis for monitoring treatment efficacy. The high removal efficacy of biological effects as a measure of total effect-scaled concentrations of chemicals provides further support to the use of intensified wetlands for wastewater treatment.

中文翻译：

---

基于细胞的生物测定法在评估常规和强化处理湿地的治疗效果中的应用†

当集中式污水处理不可行时，人工湿地通常用于污水处理。许多研究都集中在通过处理湿地去除微量污染物上，但对其去除生物活性的能力知之甚少。在这里，我们使用常规废水参数的化学分析和处理指示剂化学物质（咖啡因，布洛芬，萘普生，苯并三唑，双氯芬酸，乙酰磺胺酸，卡马西平）以及一组体外试验研究了常规和强化处理湿地设计的去除效果指示细胞毒性途径不同阶段的生物测定法，例如异种生物代谢，受体介导的作用和适应性应激反应。将七个处理湿地之前和之后收集的水样与附近的市政废水处理厂进行了比较。与常规的废水处理厂相比，强化处理的湿地通常去除微污染物和生物活性的程度更大，而常规的水平地下流湿地显示出所有指标的去除效果较差。如所报告的有氧环境中的顽固性所期望的那样，任何研究的系统都无法很好地去除卡马西平。增强湿地可以很好地消除雌激素活性，这是废水处理中常用的生物终点指标。5％），对所有其他生物学终点的去除效果相似或略低。结果突出了应用指标生物测定法与指标化学分析法相辅相成的重要性，以监测治疗效果。生物效应的高去除效率作为衡量效应总量的化学物质浓度的量度，为使用集约化湿地进行废水处理提供了进一步的支持。