In this study, nanocrystalline nickel oxide gadolinium-doped ceria (NiO-GDC) powder was synthesized using an ionic sol-gel method. The effects of calcination time and temperature on the particle size and the physiochemical properties of nanocrystalline NiO-GDC are presented in this paper. Using this method, gel beads were formed by contacting sodium alginate solution as the gelling template and metal (gadolinium/cerium/Ni) nitrates as the precursor. The obtained nanocrystallites were characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis, nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was observed that the increasing calcination temperature had affected both the particle size and the surface area of the NiO-GDC, whereas the increasing calcination time had only impacted the size of the particles. The smallest mesoporous nanocrystalline NiO-GDC powder (12.1225 ± 0.005 m2/g surface area), composed of cubic GDC (5.18 nm crystallite size) and cubic NiO (7.99 nm crystallite size) were synthesized at a calcination temperature of 500 °C for 2 hours. This study hopes to inspire more researches on the ionic-gelation method for synthesizing other metal nanostructures as well as other reaction parameters.

中文翻译：

---

海藻酸钠介导的离子溶胶-凝胶法合成和表征纳米晶NiO-GDC

在这项研究中，使用离子溶胶-凝胶法合成了纳米晶氧化镍钆掺杂的氧化铈 (NiO-GDC) 粉末。本文介绍了煅烧时间和温度对纳米晶 NiO-GDC 的粒径和理化性质的影响。使用这种方法，通过将海藻酸钠溶液作为胶凝模板和金属（钆/铈/镍）硝酸盐作为前体接触，形成凝胶珠。使用场发射扫描电子显微镜、粉末 X 射线衍射、能量色散 X 射线光谱、热重分析、氮吸附/解吸分析和傅里叶变换红外光谱对获得的纳米晶进行表征。据观察，升高的煅烧温度影响了 NiO-GDC 的粒径和表面积，而增加的煅烧时间仅影响了颗粒的尺寸。由立方 GDC（5.18 nm 晶粒尺寸）和立方 NiO（7.99 nm 晶粒尺寸）组成的最小介孔纳米晶 NiO-GDC 粉末（12.1225 ± 0.005 m2/g 表面积）在 500 °C 的煅烧温度下合成 2小时。该研究希望能激发更多关于离子凝胶法合成其他金属纳米结构以及其他反应参数的研究。18 nm 晶粒尺寸）和立方 NiO（7.99 nm 晶粒尺寸）在 500 °C 的煅烧温度下合成 2 小时。该研究希望能激发更多关于离子凝胶法合成其他金属纳米结构以及其他反应参数的研究。18 nm 晶粒尺寸）和立方 NiO（7.99 nm 晶粒尺寸）在 500 °C 的煅烧温度下合成 2 小时。该研究希望能激发更多关于离子凝胶法合成其他金属纳米结构以及其他反应参数的研究。