An effective electrochemical influenza A biosensor based on a graphene–gold (Au) hybrid nanocomposite modified Au-screen printed electrode has been developed. The working principle of the developed biosensor relies on the measurement of neuraminidase (N) activity. After the optimization of experimental parameters like the effect of bovine serum albumin addition and immobilization times of fetuin A and PNA lectin, the analytical characteristics of the influenza A biosensor were investigated. As a result, a linear range between 10⁻⁸ U mL⁻¹ and 10⁻¹ U mL⁻¹ was found with a relative standard deviation value of 3.23% (for 10⁻⁵ U mL⁻¹ of N, n:3) and a limit of detection value of 10⁻⁸ U mL⁻¹ N. The developed biosensor was applied for real influenza virus A (H9N2) detection and very successful results were obtained.

中文翻译：

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迈向流感病毒的电化学诊断：基于神经氨酸酶活性的石墨烯-金杂化纳米复合修饰流感病毒生物传感器的开发

基于石墨烯-金（Au）杂化纳米复合材料修饰的Au丝网印刷电极的一种有效的电化学流感A生物传感器已经开发出来。研发的生物传感器的工作原理依赖于神经氨酸酶（N）活性的测量。在优化实验参数（如牛血清白蛋白添加效果以及胎球蛋白A和PNA凝集素的固定时间）的效果后，研究了甲型流感病毒生物传感器的分析特性。结果发现，线性范围在10 ^-8 U mL ^-1和10 ^-1 U mL ^-1之间，相对标准偏差值为3.23％（对于10 ^-5 U mL ^-1的N，n：3），检测值的极限为10 ^-8 U mL ^-1N。开发的生物传感器用于真实的甲型流感病毒（H9N2）检测，并获得了非常成功的结果。