Xerophilic fungi, especially Aspergillus species, are prevalent in the built environment. In this study, we employed a combined culture-independent (454-pyrosequencing) and culture-dependent (dilution-to-extinction) approach to investigate the mycobiota of indoor dust collected from 93 buildings in 12 countries worldwide. High and low water activity (a_w) media were used to capture mesophile and xerophile biodiversity, resulting in the isolation of approximately 9 000 strains. Among these, 340 strains representing seven putative species in Aspergillus subgenus Polypaecilum were isolated, mostly from lowered a_w media, and tentatively identified based on colony morphology and internal transcribed spacer rDNA region (ITS) barcodes. Further morphological study and phylogenetic analyses using sequences of ITS, β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), DNA topoisomerase 1 (TOP1), and a pre-mRNA processing protein homolog (TSR1) confirmed the isolation of seven species of subgenus Polypaecilum, including five novel species: A. baarnensis, A. keratitidis, A. kalimae sp. nov., A. noonimiae sp. nov., A. thailandensis sp. nov., A. waynelawii sp. nov., and A. whitfieldii sp. nov. Pyrosequencing detected six of the seven species isolated from house dust, as well as one additional species absent from the cultures isolated, and three clades representing potentially undescribed species. Species were typically found in house dust from subtropical and tropical climates, often in close proximity to the ocean or sea. The presence of subgenus Polypaecilum, a recently described clade of xerophilic/xerotolerant, halotolerant/halophilic, and potentially zoopathogenic species, within the built environment is noteworthy.

干燥真菌，尤其是曲霉属物种，在建筑环境中普遍存在。在这项研究中，我们采用了独立于培养物（454-焦磷酸测序）和依赖于培养物（稀释至消光）的组合方法来研究从全球 12 个国家/地区的 93 座建筑物中收集的室内灰尘的真菌群。使用高和低水分活度 (a _w ) 介质来捕获嗜温和耐旱生物多样性，从而分离出大约 9 000 个菌株。其中，分离出 340 株代表曲霉亚属多青霉亚属7 个假定物种的菌株，大部分来自降低的_w培养基，并根据菌落形态和内转录间隔区 rDNA 区 (ITS) 条形码初步鉴定。使用 ITS、β-微管蛋白 ( BenA )、钙调蛋白 ( CaM )、RNA 聚合酶 II 第二大亚基 ( RPB2 )、DNA 拓扑异构酶 1 ( TOP1 ) 和前 mRNA 加工蛋白同源物 ( TSR1 ) 的序列进行进一步的形态学研究和系统发育分析）证实分离出七种多毛虫亚属，其中包括五种新种： A .巴新, A .角膜炎， A .卡利马河十一月， A 。努尼米亚物种十一月， A 。泰国山竹十一月， A 。韦恩拉维海峡十一月，和A。惠特菲尔德氏菌属十一月 焦磷酸测序检测到从室内灰尘中分离出的七个物种中的六个，以及分离培养物中不存在的另外一个物种，以及代表潜在未描述物种的三个进化枝。这些物种通常存在于亚热带和热带气候的房屋灰尘中，通常靠近海洋。值得注意的是，多青霉亚属（ Polypaecilum）是最近描述的一个耐旱/耐旱、耐盐/嗜盐和潜在动物致病物种的进化枝，在建筑环境中的存在是值得注意的。