Xerophilic fungi, especially Aspergillus species, are prevalent in the built environment. In this study, we employed a combined culture-independent (454-pyrosequencing) and culture-dependent (dilution-to-extinction) approach to investigate the mycobiota of indoor dust collected from 93 buildings in 12 countries worldwide. High and low water activity (a_w) media were used to capture mesophile and xerophile biodiversity, resulting in the isolation of approximately 9 000 strains. Among these, 340 strains representing seven putative species in Aspergillus subgenus Polypaecilum were isolated, mostly from lowered a_w media, and tentatively identified based on colony morphology and internal transcribed spacer rDNA region (ITS) barcodes. Further morphological study and phylogenetic analyses using sequences of ITS, β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), DNA topoisomerase 1 (TOP1), and a pre-mRNA processing protein homolog (TSR1) confirmed the isolation of seven species of subgenus Polypaecilum, including five novel species: A. baarnensis, A. keratitidis, A. kalimae sp. nov., A. noonimiae sp. nov., A. thailandensis sp. nov., A. waynelawii sp. nov., and A. whitfieldii sp. nov. Pyrosequencing detected six of the seven species isolated from house dust, as well as one additional species absent from the cultures isolated, and three clades representing potentially undescribed species. Species were typically found in house dust from subtropical and tropical climates, often in close proximity to the ocean or sea. The presence of subgenus Polypaecilum, a recently described clade of xerophilic/xerotolerant, halotolerant/halophilic, and potentially zoopathogenic species, within the built environment is noteworthy.

干燥的真菌，特别是曲霉属物种，在建筑环境中很普遍。在这项研究中，我们采用了与文化无关（454焦磷酸测序）和文化无关（稀释至灭绝）的组合方法，研究了从全球12个国家/地区的93栋建筑物中收集的室内灰尘的菌群。高水分活度和低水分活度（a _w）培养基用于捕获嗜温和嗜干菌的生物多样性，从而分离出大约9000个菌株。在这些菌株中，分离了代表多孢曲霉亚属7种推定种的340个菌株，主要是从降低_w的菌株中分离得到的。培养基，并根据菌落形态和内部转录间隔区rDNA区域（ITS）条形码进行初步鉴定。使用ITS序列，β-微管蛋白（BenA），钙调蛋白（CaM），RNA聚合酶II第二大亚基（RPB2），DNA拓扑异构酶1（TOP1）和前mRNA处理蛋白同源物（TSR1）进行进一步的形态学研究和系统发育分析）证实分离出7种Poly蝶亚种，其中包括5种新种：A。baarnensis，一。keratitidis，一。kalimae SP。十一月，一。Noonimiae sp。十一月，A。thailandensis sp。十一月，A。waynelawii SP。十一月，和一个。whitfieldii SP。十一月 焦磷酸测序检测到从屋尘中分离出的七个物种中的六个，以及分离出的培养物中不存在的另外一个物种，以及代表潜在未描述物种的三个进化枝。通常在亚热带和热带气候的房屋尘埃中发现物种，通常靠近海洋。值得注意的是，Polypaecilum亚属是最近建成的具有耐旱/耐旱，耐盐/嗜盐和潜在致病性物种的进化分支，在建好的环境中是值得注意的。