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Association of Blood Pressure Lowering With Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease Across Blood Pressure Levels
JAMA Internal Medicine ( IF 22.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-01-01 , DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.6015
Mattias Brunström 1 , Bo Carlberg 1
Affiliation  

Importance High blood pressure (BP) is the most important risk factor for death and cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide. The optimal cutoff for treatment of high BP is debated. Objective To assess the association between BP lowering treatment and death and CVD at different BP levels. Data Sources Previous systematic reviews were identified from PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effect. Reference lists of these reviews were searched for randomized clinical trials. Randomized clinical trials published after November 1, 2015, were also searched for in PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials during February 2017. Study Selection Randomized clinical trials with at least 1000 patient-years of follow-up, comparing BP-lowering drugs vs placebo or different BP goals were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were extracted from original publications. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaborations assessment tool. Relative risks (RRs) were pooled in random-effects meta-analyses with Knapp-Hartung modification. Results are reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Main Outcomes and Measures Prespecified outcomes of interest were all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, major cardiovascular events, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, heart failure, and end-stage renal disease. Results Seventy-four unique trials, representing 306 273 unique participants (39.9% women and 60.1% men; mean age, 63.6 years) and 1.2 million person-years, were included in the meta-analyses. In primary prevention, the association of BP-lowering treatment with major cardiovascular events was dependent on baseline systolic BP (SBP). In trials with baseline SBP 160 mm Hg or above, treatment was associated with reduced risk for death (RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87-1.00) and a substantial reduction of major cardiovascular events (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70-0.87). If baseline SBP ranged from 140 to 159 mm Hg, the association of treatment with mortality was similar (RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.75-1.00), but the association with major cardiovascular events was less pronounced (RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.96). In trials with baseline SBP below 140 mm Hg, treatment was not associated with mortality (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.90-1.06) and major cardiovascular events (RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.90-1.04). In trials including people with previous CHD and mean baseline SBP of 138 mm Hg, treatment was associated with reduced risk for major cardiovascular events (RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84-0.97), but was not associated with survival (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.89-1.07). Conclusions and Relevance Primary preventive BP lowering is associated with reduced risk for death and CVD if baseline SBP is 140 mm Hg or higher. At lower BP levels, treatment is not associated with any benefit in primary prevention but might offer additional protection in patients with CHD.

中文翻译:

不同血压水平的血压降低与死亡率和心血管疾病的关联

重要性 高血压 (BP) 是全球死亡和心血管疾病 (CVD) 最重要的危险因素。治疗高血压的最佳临界值存在争议。目的评估不同血压水平下降压治疗与死亡和心血管疾病的相关性。数据来源 以前的系统评价来自 PubMed、Cochrane 系统评价数据库和效果评价摘要数据库。检索了这些评价的参考列表以进行随机临床试验。2015 年 11 月 1 日之后发表的随机临床试验也在 2017 年 2 月期间在 PubMed 和 Cochrane 对照试验中央注册库中检索。 研究选择 具有至少 1000 患者年随访的随机临床试验,包括比较降压药物与安慰剂或不同的血压目标。数据提取和综合数据是从原始出版物中提取的。使用 Cochrane Collaborations 评估工具评估偏倚风险。使用 Knapp-Hartung 修正在随机效应荟萃分析中合并相对风险 (RR)。结果根据 PRISMA 指南报告。主要结果和指标 感兴趣的预设结果是全因死亡率、心血管死亡率、主要心血管事件、冠心病 (CHD)、中风、心力衰竭和终末期肾病。结果 74 项独特的试验,代表 306 273 名独特的参与者(39.9% 女性和 60.1% 男性;平均年龄,63.6 岁)和 120 万人年,被纳入荟萃分析。在一级预防中,降压治疗与主要心血管事件的关联取决于基线收缩压 (SBP)。在基线 SBP 160 mmHg 或以上的试验中,治疗与死亡风险降低(RR,0.93;95% CI,0.87-1.00)和主要心血管事件的显着减少(RR,0.78;95% CI,0.70)相关-0.87)。如果基线 SBP 范围为 140 至 159 mmHg,则治疗与死亡率的相关性相似(RR,0.87;95% CI,0.75-1.00),但与主要心血管事件的相关性不那么明显(RR,0.88;95% CI,0.80-0.96)。在基线 SBP 低于 140 mmHg 的试验中,治疗与死亡率(RR,0.98;95% CI,0.90-1.06)和主要心血管事件(RR,0.97;95% CI,0.90-1.04)无关。在包括既往冠心病且平均基线收缩压为 138 毫米汞柱的试验中,治疗与主要心血管事件风险降低相关(RR,0.90;95% CI,0.84-0.97),但与生存无关(RR,0.98;95% CI,0.89-1.07)。结论和相关性 如果基线 SBP 为 140 mmHg 或更高,一级预防性降压与降低死亡和 CVD 风险相关。在较低的血压水平下,治疗与一级预防的任何益处无关,但可能为 CHD 患者提供额外的保护。
更新日期:2018-01-01
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